.iot-feature-controls-trigger{position:fixed;z-index:1050;inset-inline-end:1rem;inset-block-end:1rem;display:grid;width:2.75rem;height:2.75rem;place-items:center;border:1px solid var(--gray-300);border-radius:var(--radius-full);background:var(--color-primary);color:#fff;box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgb(15 23 42 / 22%);font-size:1.25rem;cursor:pointer}.iot-feature-controls-trigger:hover,.iot-feature-controls-trigger:focus-visible{background:var(--color-secondary)}@media(min-width:861px){.iot-feature-controls-trigger{inset-block-end:5rem}}@media(max-width:860px){.platform-header .iot-feature-controls-trigger{position:static;width:44px;height:44px;border-radius:7px;box-shadow:none}}.iot-feature-controls-dialog{width:min(42rem,calc(100vw - 1.5rem));max-width:none;max-height:min(85vh,52rem);padding:1.25rem;border:1px solid var(--gray-300);border-radius:var(--radius-xl);background:var(--gray-50);color:var(--gray-900, #17202a);box-shadow:0 20px 65px rgb(15 23 42 / 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var(--gray-200)}.iot-feature-controls-device-row h3{margin:0;font-size:1rem}.iot-feature-controls-device-row p{margin:.35rem 0;font-size:.875rem}.iot-feature-controls-device-row .access-toolkit__field{margin:.4rem 0}.iot-feature-controls-device-row.access-light-route{max-width:none;border-right:0;border-bottom:0;border-left:0;border-radius:0;background:transparent;color:inherit}.iot-access-choice{display:grid;gap:.35rem}.iot-access-choice label{font-weight:650}.iot-access-choice select{width:100%;min-height:2.75rem;padding:.45rem .65rem;border:1px solid var(--gray-300);border-radius:var(--radius-md);background:#fff;color:inherit;font:inherit}.iot-access-checkbox{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.6rem;min-height:2.75rem;cursor:pointer}.iot-access-checkbox input{width:1.2rem;height:1.2rem;accent-color:var(--color-secondary)}.iot-access-choice :focus-visible,.iot-access-checkbox :focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--color-secondary);outline-offset:2px}@media(max-width:480px){.iot-feature-controls-dialog{padding:1rem}}:root{--ieee-navy: #2c3e50;--ieee-teal: #16a085;--ieee-orange: #e67e22;--color-primary: var(--ieee-navy);--color-secondary: var(--ieee-teal);--color-accent: var(--ieee-orange);--gray-50: #f8fafc;--gray-100: #f1f5f9;--gray-200: #e2e8f0;--gray-300: #cbd5e1;--gray-400: #94a3b8;--gray-500: #64748b;--gray-600: #475569;--gray-700: #334155;--gray-800: #1e293b;--gray-900: #0f172a;--flat-page-bg: var(--gray-50);--flat-surface: #ffffff;--flat-surface-muted: #f7f8fa;--flat-surface-hover: #fbfcfe;--flat-border: #dbdcdd;--flat-border-strong: #c7c9cc;--flat-text: #21242c;--flat-text-muted: #475774;--flat-text-subtle: #646b7a;--flat-accent: #1865f2;--flat-control-bg: #f1f3f5;--flat-control-hover: #e7ebf0;--flat-shadow: none;--flat-focus-ring: #1865f2;--flat-radius-sm: var(--radius-sm);--flat-radius-md: var(--radius-md);--flat-radius-lg: var(--radius-lg);--interactive-all: #335c7d;--interactive-all-soft: #eef5fa;--interactive-all-ink: #24445f;--interactive-game: #b35c00;--interactive-game-soft: #fff3df;--interactive-game-ink: #6f3800;--interactive-simulation: #007c6e;--interactive-simulation-soft: #e3f8f4;--interactive-simulation-ink: #00564e;--interactive-animation: #1f5fbf;--interactive-animation-soft: #edf3ff;--interactive-animation-ink: #184a99;--interactive-lab: #7b3f98;--interactive-lab-soft: #f7ecfb;--interactive-lab-ink: #592c6d;--interactive-hardware-sim: #9a5200;--interactive-hardware-sim-soft: #fff0e0;--interactive-hardware-sim-ink: #713b00;--interactive-knowledge-check: #246b3d;--interactive-knowledge-check-soft: #e8f6ee;--interactive-knowledge-check-ink: #14532d;--success: #10b981;--warning: #f59e0b;--danger: #ef4444;--info: #3b82f6;--font-size-xs: 0.75rem;--font-size-sm: 0.875rem;--font-size-base: 1rem;--font-size-lg: 1.125rem;--font-size-xl: 1.25rem;--font-size-2xl: 1.5rem;--font-size-3xl: 1.875rem;--font-size-4xl: 2.25rem;--font-size-5xl: 3rem;--font-family-base: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;--font-family-mono: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, "SF Mono", Menlo, Consolas, "Liberation Mono", monospace;--font-family-heading: var(--font-family-base);--font-weight-normal: 400;--font-weight-medium: 500;--font-weight-semibold: 600;--font-weight-bold: 700;--font-weight-extrabold: 800;--line-height-tight: 1.25;--line-height-snug: 1.375;--line-height-normal: 1.5;--line-height-relaxed: 1.625;--line-height-loose: 2;--spacing-xs: 0.25rem;--spacing-sm: 0.5rem;--spacing-md: 1rem;--spacing-lg: 1.5rem;--spacing-xl: 2rem;--spacing-2xl: 3rem;--spacing-3xl: 4rem;--iot-figure-max-width: 640px;--iot-figure-compact-max-width: 560px;--iot-figure-wide-max-width: 980px;--radius-sm: 0.25rem;--radius-md: 0.375rem;--radius-lg: 0.5rem;--radius-xl: 0.75rem;--radius-2xl: 1rem;--radius-full: 9999px;--shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);--shadow-md: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 2px 4px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);--shadow-lg: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 4px 6px -4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);--shadow-xl: 0 20px 25px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 8px 10px -6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);--transition-fast: 150ms ease;--transition-normal: 200ms ease;--transition-slow: 300ms ease;--touch-target-min: 44px;--touch-target-comfortable: 48px;--touch-target-large: 56px;--focus-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5);--focus-ring-width: 3px;--focus-ring-offset: 2px;--primary-blue: var(--ieee-navy);--primary-dark: #1a252f;--accent-purple: #546e7a;--gradient-primary: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--ieee-navy) 0%, var(--ieee-teal) 100%);--gradient-dark: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--gray-800) 0%, var(--gray-900) 100%);--gradient-accent: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--ieee-teal) 0%, var(--ieee-orange) 100%)}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a{transition:none!important}iot-knowledge-check:not(:defined),iot-matching-quiz:not(:defined),iot-ordering-quiz:not(:defined),iot-label-quiz:not(:defined),iot-code-quiz:not(:defined),iot-video:not(:defined),iot-simulator:not(:defined),iot-animation:not(:defined){display:block;min-height:100px;background:#f5f5f5;border-radius:8px}body.page-coap-message-format-practice #chapter-roadmap iot-label-quiz{min-height:930px}@media(max-width:600px){body.page-coap-message-format-practice #chapter-roadmap iot-label-quiz{min-height:860px}}iot-knowledge-check,iot-matching-quiz,iot-ordering-quiz,iot-label-quiz,iot-code-quiz,iot-video,iot-simulator,iot-animation,.inline-knowledge-check,.iot-quiz-matching,.iot-quiz-ordering,.iot-quiz-label,.iot-quiz-code{display:block;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.cell-output.cell-output-display{background:transparent;border-left:0;padding:0;margin:1rem 0;border-radius:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.cell-output.cell-output-display>div,.cell-output.cell-output-display>div>[id^=ojs-cell-],.cell-output.cell-output-display .observablehq,.cell-output.cell-output-display .observablehq>form[class^=oi-]{display:block;width:100%;max-width:100%;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box}.observablehq>form[class^=oi-]{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:flex-start;gap:0.5rem 0.75rem;margin:0.5rem 0;width:100%;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.75rem;border:1px solid var(--flat-border);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-lg);background:var(--flat-surface);box-shadow:var(--flat-shadow)}.observablehq>form[class^=oi-]>label{flex:1 1 clamp(10rem,20vw,15rem);width:auto!important;max-width:100%;margin:0;line-height:1.35;overflow-wrap:anywhere;color:var(--flat-text);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold)}.observablehq>form[class^=oi-]>div[class$=-input]{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.6rem;flex:1 1 12rem;min-width:min(12rem,100%);max-width:100%}.observablehq>form[class^=oi-] input[type=number],.observablehq>form[class^=oi-] input[type=text],.observablehq>form[class^=oi-] select{min-height:2.25rem;border:1px solid var(--gray-300);border-radius:var(--radius-md);background:#ffffff;color:var(--gray-800);padding:0.35rem 0.5rem}.observablehq>form[class^=oi-] input[type=number],.observablehq>form[class^=oi-] input[type=text]{flex:0 0 min(10rem,45%)}.observablehq>form[class^=oi-] input[type=range],.observablehq>form[class^=oi-] select{flex:1 1 auto;width:100%;max-width:100%}.observablehq>form[class^=oi-] input[type=range]{accent-color:var(--ieee-teal)}@media(max-width:700px){.observablehq>form[class^=oi-]{flex-direction:column}.observablehq>form[class^=oi-]>label,.observablehq>form[class^=oi-]>div[class$=-input]{width:100%!important;flex-basis:auto;min-width:0}.observablehq>form[class^=oi-] input[type=number],.observablehq>form[class^=oi-] input[type=text]{flex-basis:7.5rem}}.book-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(300px,1fr));gap:1.5rem;padding:1rem 0}.book-card .meta{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;font-size:0.85rem;color:#888}.hero{text-align:center;padding:3rem 1rem;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#2c3e50 0%,#16a085 100%);color:white;margin:-1rem -1rem 2rem -1rem;border-radius:0 0 20px 20px}.hero h1{font-size:2.5rem;margin-bottom:0.5rem}.hero p{font-size:1.2rem;opacity:0.9}.stats{display:flex;justify-content:center;gap:3rem;margin-top:2rem}.stat{text-align:center}*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}html{font-size:16px;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}nav a,.nav-link,.sidebar a,.breadcrumb a{text-decoration:none}nav a:hover,.nav-link:hover,.sidebar a:hover,.breadcrumb a:hover{text-decoration:none;color:var(--color-secondary)}main.content p a,main.content li a,#quarto-document-content p a,#quarto-document-content li a,#quarto-document-content td a,#quarto-document-content .cap-index-cards>div>a,#quarto-document-content .cap-index-grid>div>a,#quarto-document-content section>.xref{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.08em;text-underline-offset:0.16em}#quarto-document-content .cap-index-cards>div>a,#quarto-document-content .cap-index-grid>div>a,#quarto-document-content section>.xref{color:var(--flat-accent)!important}.skip-link-nav{position:absolute;width:0;height:0;overflow:visible}.skip-link{position:fixed;top:0.75rem;left:1rem;transform:translateY(calc(-100% - 2rem));background:#2c3e50;color:white;padding:8px 16px;z-index:10000;text-decoration:none;font-weight:bold;border-radius:4px}.skip-link:focus,.skip-link:focus-visible{top:0.75rem!important;transform:none!important}:root{--iot-midnight: #2c3e50;--iot-navy: #2e5cb8;--iot-ocean: #3498db;--iot-azure: #2e5cb8;--iot-sky: #00a3b4;--iot-electric: #00b878;--iot-mint: #27ae60;--iot-sand: #f5f5f5;--iot-cloud: #ececec;--iot-mist: #e0e0e0;--iot-foam: #ffffff;--iot-border: #bdbdbd;--iot-border-light: rgba(189, 189, 189, 0.5);--iot-muted: #757575;--iot-text-dark: #2c3e50;--iot-accent-warning: #f7ca18;--iot-accent-error: #e74c3c;--iot-highlight: rgba(46, 92, 184, 0.12);--iot-shadow-md: 0 8px 24px rgba(44, 62, 80, 0.1);--iot-shadow-lg: 0 16px 48px rgba(44, 62, 80, 0.14);--iot-shadow-xl: 0 24px 64px rgba(44, 62, 80, 0.18);--gradient-tech: linear-gradient(135deg, #2980b9 0%, #2e5cb8 35%, #00a3b4 65%, #27ae60 100%);--gradient-sky: linear-gradient(135deg, #00a3b4 0%, #27ae60 100%);--gradient-subtle: linear-gradient( 135deg, rgba(46, 92, 184, 0.05) 0%, rgba(0, 163, 180, 0.05) 100% );--transition-fast: 0.15s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);--transition-base: 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);--transition-slow: 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1)}html{overflow-x:hidden;scroll-behavior:smooth}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*::before,*::after{transition-duration:0.01ms!important;transition-delay:0s!important;animation-duration:0.01ms!important;animation-delay:0s!important;animation-iteration-count:1!important;scroll-behavior:auto!important}}body{padding:0;font-weight:400;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;overflow-x:hidden}main.content{background:transparent;box-shadow:none;padding:0;max-width:100%;overflow-x:hidden}#quarto-document-content mjx-container[display=true],main.content mjx-container[display=true]{max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;box-sizing:border-box;padding-bottom:0.15rem}#quarto-document-content mjx-container:not([display=true]){display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;vertical-align:middle;box-sizing:border-box}@media(max-width:700px){#quarto-document-content mjx-container[display=true],main.content mjx-container[display=true]{font-size:0.92em;text-align:left}}#quarto-content{background:transparent;padding:2rem 1rem 2.5rem;gap:0.5rem;max-width:100%}#quarto-content{padding-bottom:6rem}.page-columns{max-width:100%;gap:0.5rem}main.content>*:first-child{margin-top:0}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{color:var(--iot-midnight);font-weight:700;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:0.01em}h1{font-size:2.75rem;background:var(--gradient-subtle);border-left:5px solid var(--iot-azure);border-bottom:2px solid var(--iot-border-light);padding:0.75rem 1.25rem 0.75rem;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:1.5rem;border-radius:8px;transition:border-left-color var(--transition-base)}h1:hover{border-left-color:var(--iot-electric)}h2{font-size:2.1rem;border-bottom:2px solid var(--iot-mist);padding-bottom:0.6rem;margin-top:2.75rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem;position:relative;transition:color var(--transition-base)}h2::before{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:-2px;left:0;width:60px;height:3px;background:var(--gradient-sky);border-radius:2px}h3{font-size:1.65rem;color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--iot-ocean) 88%,black);opacity:1;margin-top:2.25rem;margin-bottom:1rem;padding-left:0.75rem;border-left:3px solid var(--iot-sky);transition:all var(--transition-base)}h3:hover{color:var(--iot-azure);border-left-color:var(--iot-electric)}h4{font-size:1.35rem;color:var(--iot-navy);margin-top:1.75rem;margin-bottom:0.85rem}#title-block-header.quarto-title-block{position:relative;box-shadow:none}#title-block-header.quarto-title-block:hover{transform:none;box-shadow:none}#title-block-header.quarto-title-block::before,#title-block-header.quarto-title-block::after{display:none}#title-block-header *,#title-block-header *::before,#title-block-header *::after{border:none!important;border-left:none!important;border-right:none!important;border-top:none!important;border-bottom:none!important;box-shadow:none!important;background:transparent!important}#title-block-header .quarto-title-breadcrumbs,#title-block-header nav.quarto-title-breadcrumbs,.quarto-title-breadcrumbs{display:none!important}#title-block-header.quarto-title-block .title,body #title-block-header .title{font-size:1.4rem;color:#ffffff!important;margin:0;padding:0;border-bottom:none;line-height:1.35;font-weight:600}#title-block-header .title a,#title-block-header .title .chapter-number{color:#ffffff!important;text-decoration:none}#quarto-document-content #title-block-header.hiw-title-block{margin:0!important;padding:0!important;border:0!important}#title-block-header.hiw-title-block .hiw-kicker{display:inline-block;padding:0.25rem 0.7rem;margin-bottom:0.85rem;border-radius:999px;background:#f1f5f9!important;color:#1f2933;font-size:0.72rem;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:0.06em;text-transform:uppercase}#title-block-header.hiw-title-block h1.title{margin:2.6rem 0 1rem!important;padding:0 0 0.4rem!important;border-bottom:1px solid #d2d6dc!important;color:#1f2933!important;font-size:1.6rem!important;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4!important;letter-spacing:-0.01em}#title-block-header.hiw-title-block .iot-audio-toolbar{display:none!important}body .hiw-page .hiw-kicker{display:none!important}#title-block-header.quarto-title-block .description,body #title-block-header .description{color:var(--ds-ink-soft, #4b5b69)!important;margin:0.35rem 0 0;max-width:70ch}#title-block-header.quarto-title-block .subtitle,body #title-block-header .subtitle,#title-block-header .quarto-categories,#title-block-header .quarto-category,#title-block-header .quarto-title-meta,#title-block-header .quarto-title-meta-heading,#title-block-header .quarto-title-meta-contents,#title-block-header .keywords{display:none!important}#quarto-header{position:absolute!important;width:1px!important;height:1px!important;padding:0!important;margin:-1px!important;overflow:hidden!important;clip:rect(0,0,0,0)!important;white-space:nowrap!important;border:0!important}.quarto-secondary-nav{background:rgba(255,255,255,0.95);backdrop-filter:blur(20px) saturate(180%);border-bottom:1px solid var(--iot-border-light);box-shadow:var(--iot-shadow-md);transition:box-shadow var(--transition-base)}.quarto-secondary-nav:hover{box-shadow:var(--iot-shadow-lg)}.quarto-secondary-nav .btn{color:var(--iot-midnight);transition:all var(--transition-base);border-radius:8px;padding:0.5rem 0.85rem}.quarto-secondary-nav .btn:hover{color:var(--iot-azure);background:var(--iot-highlight)}#quarto-sidebar{background:rgba(255,255,255,0.97);border-right:1px solid var(--iot-border-light);box-shadow:var(--iot-shadow-md);padding:0.4rem 0.75rem 1rem 0.75rem;min-width:280px;width:var(--bs-sidebar-width, 300px)}body.nav-sidebar .sidebar-navigation{overflow:visible!important;max-height:none}body.nav-sidebar .sidebar-menu-container{max-height:none}body.nav-sidebar .sidebar{height:auto!important;min-height:auto!important;max-height:none!important}body.nav-sidebar #quarto-sidebar{max-height:none!important;height:max-content!important;min-height:0}#quarto-sidebar,.sidebar.sidebar-navigation{min-width:280px!important;flex-shrink:0}body.quarto-book .page-columns:not(:has(#quarto-margin-sidebar)){grid-template-columns:minmax(280px,300px) 1fr}body.quarto-book #quarto-sidebar-glass-pane+.sidebar-menu-container{width:100%;min-width:260px}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item{margin:0.05rem 0}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item-container{min-height:auto;padding:0}body #quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a .sidebar-item-text,body .sidebar-item-text,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item-text{text-transform:none}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a{color:var(--iot-text-dark);font-weight:500;padding:0.28rem 0.5rem;display:block;border-radius:4px;transition:all var(--transition-fast);border-left:2px solid transparent;font-size:0.76rem;line-height:1.25;text-transform:none}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-container .sidebar-item-text{display:block;white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:break-word}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a:hover{transform:translateX(2px)}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a.active{font-weight:600}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-search{margin:0.3rem 0 0.4rem}#quarto-margin-sidebar{background:transparent!important;border:none!important;border-radius:0!important;box-shadow:none!important;padding:0.5rem 1rem 0.5rem 0.5rem!important;overflow:visible}#quarto-margin-sidebar:hover{box-shadow:none!important}#TOC{position:sticky;top:5rem;width:100%}#TOC ul{padding-left:0;margin:0;list-style:none;border-left:none;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:0.2rem}#TOC li{margin:0;line-height:1.25}#TOC a{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.45rem;color:var(--iot-text-dark);transition:all var(--transition-base);padding:0.35rem 0.5rem;border-radius:6px;line-height:1.2;font-size:0.85rem;width:100%;text-decoration:none;white-space:normal}#TOC a:hover{color:var(--iot-azure);background:var(--iot-highlight);font-weight:600}#TOC a.active{color:var(--iot-azure);font-weight:700;position:relative}#TOC a.active::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:-0.75rem;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);width:3px;height:3px;background:var(--iot-azure);border-radius:50%;box-shadow:0 0 4px var(--iot-azure)}#TOC a .header-section-number{font-weight:600;min-width:2.1rem;text-align:right;color:var(--iot-muted)}a{color:var(--iot-azure);text-decoration:none;transition:all var(--transition-base);position:relative}a:hover,a:focus{color:var(--iot-ocean);text-decoration:none}a:hover::after{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:-2px;left:0;right:0;height:2px;background:var(--gradient-sky);animation:linkUnderline 0.3s ease-out}@keyframes linkUnderline{from{transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:left}to{transform:scaleX(1);transform-origin:left}}a:visited{color:var(--iot-navy)}code,pre{font-family:"Source Code Pro","Source Code Pro Fallback",ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,"DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;font-size:0.95rem}code{background:var(--iot-cloud);color:var(--iot-midnight);padding:0.3rem 0.55rem;border-radius:6px;border:1px solid var(--iot-border-light);font-weight:500;transition:all var(--transition-fast)}code:hover{background:var(--iot-mist);border-color:var(--iot-border)}pre{background:var(--iot-cloud);border-left:4px solid var(--iot-azure);border-radius:12px;padding:1.5rem 1.75rem;overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;margin:2rem 0;box-shadow:var(--iot-shadow-md);position:relative;transition:all var(--transition-base)}pre:hover{box-shadow:var(--iot-shadow-lg);border-left-color:var(--iot-electric)}pre::before{content:"";position:absolute;top:0;right:0;width:100px;height:100%;background:linear-gradient(90deg,transparent,rgba(59,130,246,0.03));pointer-events:none}pre code{background:transparent;border:none;padding:0;font-size:0.9rem}table{width:100%;margin:2.5rem 0;border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--iot-foam);border-radius:16px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:var(--iot-shadow-md);border:1px solid var(--iot-border-light);transition:box-shadow var(--transition-base)}table:hover{box-shadow:var(--iot-shadow-lg)}table code{white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:break-word}thead{background:var(--gradient-tech);color:var(--iot-foam);position:relative}thead::after{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;height:2px;background:var(--gradient-sky)}thead th{padding:1rem 1.25rem;font-size:0.85rem;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.1em;font-weight:600;text-align:left}tbody td{padding:0.95rem 1.25rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--iot-mist);font-size:0.95rem;transition:background-color var(--transition-fast)}tbody tr:nth-child(even){background:var(--iot-sand)}tbody tr:last-child td{border-bottom:none}tbody tr:hover{background:var(--iot-highlight)}tbody tr:hover td{color:var(--iot-midnight)}div.callout{margin:2rem 0;padding:1.75rem 2rem;border-left:5px solid;border-radius:14px;background:var(--iot-foam);box-shadow:var(--iot-shadow-md);transition:all var(--transition-base);position:relative;overflow:hidden}div.callout::before{content:"";position:absolute;top:0;right:0;width:150px;height:100%;opacity:0.3;pointer-events:none}div.callout:hover{box-shadow:var(--iot-shadow-lg);transform:translateY(-2px)}div.callout-note{border-left-color:var(--iot-azure);background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(59,130,246,0.05),rgba(59,130,246,0.02))}div.callout-note::before{background:radial-gradient(circle at top right,rgba(59,130,246,0.15),transparent)}div.callout-tip{border-left-color:var(--iot-mint);background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(16,185,129,0.08),rgba(16,185,129,0.03))}div.callout-tip::before{background:radial-gradient(circle at top right,rgba(16,185,129,0.15),transparent)}div.callout-warning{border-left-color:var(--iot-accent-warning);background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(234,179,8,0.08),rgba(234,179,8,0.03))}div.callout-warning::before{background:radial-gradient(circle at top right,rgba(234,179,8,0.15),transparent)}div.callout-important,div.callout-caution{border-left-color:var(--iot-accent-error);background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(239,68,68,0.08),rgba(239,68,68,0.03))}div.callout-important::before,div.callout-caution::before{background:radial-gradient(circle at top right,rgba(239,68,68,0.15),transparent)}.callout-title{font-weight:700;color:var(--iot-midnight);margin-bottom:0.75rem;font-size:1.05rem;letter-spacing:0.02em}blockquote{margin:2.5rem 0;padding:1.75rem 2rem 1.75rem 2.25rem;border-left:5px solid var(--iot-electric);background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,182,212,0.06),rgba(6,182,212,0.02));border-radius:14px;color:var(--iot-text-dark);font-style:italic;box-shadow:var(--iot-shadow-md);position:relative;transition:all var(--transition-base)}blockquote:hover{box-shadow:var(--iot-shadow-lg);transform:translateX(4px);border-left-color:var(--iot-mint)}blockquote::before{content:"“";position:absolute;top:-10px;left:15px;font-size:4rem;color:var(--iot-electric);opacity:0.2;font-style:normal;line-height:1}blockquote p{margin:0;position:relative;z-index:1}figure{margin:3rem 0;text-align:center}img{max-width:100%;height:auto;object-fit:contain;border-radius:0;box-shadow:none;transition:none;border:0}.cell-output-display img,.quarto-figure img,figure.quarto-float img{width:auto;max-width:100%;height:auto;object-fit:contain}img:hover{box-shadow:none;transform:none}figcaption{margin-top:1.25rem;font-size:0.9rem;color:var(--iot-muted);font-style:italic;padding:0.5rem 1rem;background:var(--iot-sand);border-radius:8px;display:inline-block}.sidebar-item.sidebar-item-section{margin-top:0.6rem;margin-bottom:0.25rem}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item.sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-container{display:flex;align-items:center;background:var(--pc-main, #2c3e50);border-radius:5px;overflow:hidden;transition:all var(--transition-fast)}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item.sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-text,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item.sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-container>.sidebar-item-text{font-weight:700;font-size:0.72rem;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.05em;padding:0.4rem 0.6rem;border-radius:0;display:block;flex:1;cursor:pointer;transition:all var(--transition-fast);background:transparent;color:var(--pc-text, #ffffff);min-width:0;white-space:normal;overflow:visible;text-overflow:clip;line-height:1.2}.sidebar-item.sidebar-item-section .part{font-weight:700;color:inherit}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item.sidebar-item-section .sidebar-item-toggle{padding:0.4rem 0.5rem;background:transparent;color:var(--pc-text, #ffffff);border:none;border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.2);flex-shrink:0;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item.sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-container:hover{filter:brightness(1.1);box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.15)}ul.sidebar-section{margin-top:0.25rem;padding-left:0.5rem}ul.sidebar-section li.sidebar-item{margin:0.05rem 0}body ul.sidebar-section .sidebar-item a,#quarto-sidebar ul.sidebar-section .sidebar-item a{font-size:0.74rem;font-weight:500;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:0;padding:0.25rem 0.45rem;border-left:2px solid transparent;color:#2c3e50;border-radius:4px;transition:all var(--transition-fast);display:block}.mermaid{font-size:16px!important;background:var(--iot-foam);padding:1.5rem;border-radius:12px;box-shadow:var(--iot-shadow-md);margin:2rem 0;overflow-x:auto}.mermaid .label{font-size:14px!important;font-family:"Source Sans 3","Source Sans 3 Fallback",-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",sans-serif!important;fill:var(--iot-text-dark)!important}.mermaid .node rect,.mermaid .node circle,.mermaid .node polygon{fill:var(--iot-cloud)!important;stroke:var(--iot-azure)!important;stroke-width:2px!important}@media(max-width:1200px){#quarto-content{padding:2.25rem 1.5rem 3rem;gap:1rem}#title-block-header.quarto-title-block{padding:0.5rem 1rem}}@media(max-width:992px){#quarto-content{padding:2rem 1.5rem 2.75rem}#quarto-margin-sidebar{position:static;margin-top:1rem;padding:0.5rem 0.25rem;width:100%!important;min-width:auto!important;max-width:none!important}#quarto-sidebar{box-shadow:none;padding:0.75rem 0.5rem;min-width:260px!important}.sidebar-item.sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-text,.sidebar-item.sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-container>.sidebar-item-text{font-size:0.7rem;padding:0.35rem 0.5rem}body.quarto-book .page-columns{grid-template-columns:minmax(260px,280px) 1fr}}@media(min-width:1200px){#quarto-sidebar{min-width:280px;width:300px;max-width:320px;flex-shrink:0}#quarto-margin-sidebar{min-width:330px;width:clamp(330px,30vw,420px)}body.quarto-book .page-columns{display:grid;grid-template-columns:300px 1fr minmax(330px,420px);gap:1.5rem}}@media(max-width:768px){body{font-size:15px}h1{font-size:2.2rem}h2{font-size:1.7rem}#quarto-content{padding:1.65rem 0.5rem 2.5rem}.quarto-page-breadcrumbs,.quarto-page-breadcrumbs .breadcrumb{max-width:100%;min-width:0}.quarto-page-breadcrumbs .breadcrumb{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0.15rem 0.35rem;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.quarto-page-breadcrumbs .breadcrumb-item{max-width:100%;min-width:0;white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.quarto-page-breadcrumbs .breadcrumb-item a,.quarto-page-breadcrumbs .breadcrumb-item.active{white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal}#title-block-header.quarto-title-block{padding:0.5rem 0.85rem}#title-block-header.quarto-title-block .title,body #title-block-header .title{font-size:1.2rem}.sidebar-item.sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-text,.sidebar-item.sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-container>.sidebar-item-text{font-size:0.68rem;padding:0.3rem 0.45rem;letter-spacing:0.04em}ul.sidebar-section .sidebar-item a{font-size:0.72rem;padding:0.22rem 0.4rem}#quarto-margin-sidebar{padding:1rem 0.85rem}#TOC .toc-title{font-size:0.75rem;margin-bottom:0.5rem}#TOC a{font-size:0.82rem}#TOC li{margin-bottom:0.3rem}body.nav-sidebar .page-columns,body.docked .page-columns{grid-template-columns:[screen-start] 0.25rem [screen-start-inset page-start page-start-inset body-start-outset body-start body-content-start] minmax(0,1fr) [body-content-end body-end body-end-outset page-end-inset page-end screen-end-inset] 0.25rem [screen-end]!important;column-gap:0!important}body.nav-sidebar main.content,body.nav-sidebar main.content.column-body,body.docked main.content,body.docked main.content.column-body{width:auto!important;max-width:none!important;min-width:0!important}}.iot-mobile-chapters-toggle,.iot-mobile-chapters-fallback{display:none}@media(max-width:767px){.iot-mobile-chapters-toggle,.iot-mobile-chapters-fallback{align-items:center;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--iot-border-light, #d7dee8);border-left:4px solid var(--pc-main, #2c3e50);border-radius:8px;box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--iot-midnight, #172033);cursor:pointer;display:flex;font:inherit;font-size:0.9rem;font-weight:700;grid-column:body-content-start / body-content-end;height:48px;justify-content:space-between;margin:0 0 0.75rem;padding:0 0.9rem;text-align:left;width:100%}.iot-mobile-chapters-fallback{text-decoration:none}.iot-mobile-chapters-toggle[hidden],.iot-mobile-chapters-fallback[hidden]{display:none}body.iot-mobile-chapters-ready .iot-mobile-chapters-toggle svg{height:20px;transition:transform 0.16s ease;width:20px}body.iot-mobile-chapters-ready .iot-mobile-chapters-toggle[aria-expanded=true] svg{transform:rotate(180deg)}body.nav-sidebar #quarto-sidebar{display:none!important}body.iot-mobile-chapters-ready #quarto-sidebar:not([hidden]),body.nav-sidebar #quarto-sidebar:target{display:block!important;grid-column:body-content-start / body-content-end;margin:0 0 1rem;max-height:min(65vh,560px)!important;min-width:0!important;overflow-y:auto!important;width:100%!important}}ul,ol{padding-left:1.2rem}li{margin-bottom:0.35rem}::selection{background:rgba(59,130,246,0.35);color:var(--iot-midnight)}:focus-visible{outline:3px solid rgba(6,182,212,0.6);outline-offset:3px}@media print{body{background:white}.quarto-secondary-nav,#quarto-sidebar,#quarto-margin-sidebar,.nav-footer{display:none}#quarto-content{max-width:100%}}.sourceCode,pre.sourceCode{border-radius:12px;border:1px solid rgba(0,102,204,0.15);background:linear-gradient(135deg,#f8f9fa 0%,#ffffff 100%);padding:1.5rem;margin:1.5rem 0;box-shadow:var(--shadow-md);position:relative;overflow-x:auto}pre{margin:0;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.6}code{font-family:var(--font-family-mono);font-weight:500;font-size:0.9em}p code,li code{background:rgba(0,102,204,0.08);padding:0.125rem 0.375rem;border-radius:4px;color:var(--primary-dark);font-size:0.875em;border:1px solid rgba(0,102,204,0.15)}div.sourceCode::before{content:attr(data-lang);position:absolute;top:0.75rem;right:0.75rem;background:var(--primary-blue);color:white;padding:0.25rem 0.75rem;border-radius:6px;font-size:0.7rem;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.05em;font-family:var(--font-family-base)}.cell-output:not(.cell-output-display){background:linear-gradient(135deg,#e8f5e9 0%,#ffffff 100%);border-left:4px solid var(--success);padding:1rem 1.5rem;margin:1rem 0;border-radius:8px;font-family:var(--font-family-mono);font-size:0.875rem}.callout{padding:1.25rem 1.5rem;margin:1.5rem 0;border-left-width:3px;transition:all 0.2s ease;box-shadow:0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.04)}.callout:hover{box-shadow:0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.06),0 2px 4px -2px rgba(0,0,0,0.06)}.callout.callout-collapse{overflow:hidden}.callout.callout-collapse .callout-title{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center}.callout.callout-collapse .callout-title::after{content:"▼";font-size:0.75em;transition:transform 0.3s ease;opacity:0.6}.callout.callout-collapse.collapsed .callout-title::after{transform:rotate(-90deg)}.callout-tip[data-title*=Beginners]{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#f0fdf4 0%,#ecfdf5 100%);border-color:#bbf7d0;border-left-color:#10b981}.callout-tip[data-title*=Beginners] .callout-title,.callout-tip[data-title*=beginner] .callout-title{color:#047857;font-weight:600}.callout-note{background:#f0f9ff;border-color:#e0f2fe;border-left-color:#38bdf8}.callout-note .callout-title{color:#0369a1}.callout-tip{background:#f0fdf4;border-color:#dcfce7;border-left-color:#22c55e}.callout-tip .callout-title{color:#15803d}.callout-warning{background:#fffbeb;border-color:#fef3c7;border-left-color:#f59e0b}.callout-warning .callout-title{color:#b45309}.callout-important,.callout-caution{background:#fff1f2;border-color:#ffe4e6;border-left-color:#f43f5e}.callout-important .callout-title,.callout-caution .callout-title{color:#be123c}.callout-title{font-weight:600;font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:0.75rem;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.5rem;letter-spacing:-0.01em}.callout-body{color:#374151;line-height:1.7;font-size:1.0625rem}.callout-body p{margin:0.5rem 0}.callout-body p:first-child{margin-top:0}.callout-body p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.callout-body ul,.callout-body ol{margin:0.75rem 0;padding-left:1.5rem}.callout-body li{margin:0.375rem 0}.callout-body code{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.05);padding:0.125rem 0.375rem;border-radius:3px;font-size:0.875em;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.08)}.callout-body pre{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.03);border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1);border-radius:6px;padding:1rem;margin:0.75rem 0;overflow-x:auto}table{width:100%;margin:2rem 0;border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:var(--shadow-md);font-size:0.95rem}thead{background:var(--gradient-dark);color:white}thead th{padding:1rem 1.25rem;font-weight:700;text-align:left;border-bottom:2px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);font-size:0.9rem;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.05em}tbody tr{background:white;transition:all 0.2s ease}tbody tr:nth-child(even){background:var(--gray-50)}tbody tr:hover{background:rgba(0,102,204,0.05);transform:scale(1.01)}tbody td{padding:1rem 1.25rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--gray-200);color:var(--gray-700)}tbody tr:last-child td{border-bottom:none}table.compact{font-size:0.875rem}table.compact th,table.compact td{padding:0.75rem 1rem}figure{margin:2.5rem 0;text-align:center}figure img{max-width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:0;box-shadow:none}figure img:hover{transform:none;box-shadow:none}figcaption,.figure-caption{margin-top:1rem;font-size:0.9rem;color:var(--gray-700);font-style:italic;text-align:center}.figure-compact{--iot-figure-max-width: var(--iot-figure-compact-max-width)}.figure-wide{--iot-figure-max-width: var(--iot-figure-wide-max-width)}.quarto-figure,figure.quarto-float,figure.figure{max-width:min(100%,var(--iot-figure-max-width));margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.quarto-figure img.figure-img,figure.quarto-float img,figure.figure img{width:auto;max-width:100%;height:auto}.quarto-figure img.figure-img[src$=".svg"],figure.quarto-float img[src$=".svg"],figure.figure img[src$=".svg"]{background:transparent;border:0;border-radius:0;box-shadow:none}.quarto-figure img.figure-img[src$=".svg"]:hover,figure.quarto-float img[src$=".svg"]:hover,figure.figure img[src$=".svg"]:hover{transform:none;box-shadow:none}.browser-lab-card,.wiring-map{border:1px solid var(--flat-border);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-lg);background:var(--flat-surface);box-shadow:var(--flat-shadow)}.browser-lab-card{padding:var(--spacing-md);margin:var(--spacing-md) 0}.browser-lab-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:var(--spacing-md)}.wiring-map{overflow-x:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;margin:var(--spacing-md) 0}.wiring-map:focus-visible{outline:3px solid rgba(6,182,212,0.6);outline-offset:-3px}.wiring-map table{width:100%;min-width:42rem;margin:0}.wiring-map th{background:var(--ieee-navy);color:#fff}.wiring-map td,.wiring-map th{vertical-align:top}@media(max-width:700px){.browser-lab-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}}blockquote{background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(84,110,122,0.05) 0%,rgba(0,102,204,0.05) 100%);border-left:4px solid var(--accent-purple);padding:1.5rem 2rem;margin:2rem 0;border-radius:8px;font-style:italic;color:var(--gray-700)}blockquote p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}ul,ol{margin:1rem 0;padding-left:2rem}li{margin:0.5rem 0;line-height:1.7}ul li::marker{color:var(--primary-blue)}ol li::marker{color:var(--primary-blue);font-weight:600}.sidebar{background:linear-gradient(180deg,#f8f9fa 0%,#ffffff 100%);border-right:1px solid var(--gray-200)}.sidebar-logo,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-logo,.sidebar-header,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-header,.sidebar-header-stacked,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-header-stacked{background:transparent!important;box-shadow:none!important;border:none!important;border-radius:0!important;padding:0.15rem 0.25rem!important;margin:0!important}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-header.pt-lg-2{padding-top:0!important}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-header.mt-2,#quarto-sidebar .mt-2.flex-shrink-0{margin-top:0.15rem!important}#quarto-sidebar .quarto-sidebar-header,#quarto-sidebar>div{padding:0!important}#quarto-sidebar,.sidebar-navigation,nav.sidebar{background:white!important}img.sidebar-logo,#quarto-sidebar img.sidebar-logo{max-width:56px!important;width:56px!important;height:auto!important;aspect-ratio:411 / 351;border-radius:4px!important;box-shadow:none!important;background:transparent!important;padding:0!important}.sidebar-logo.dark-content{display:none!important}.sidebar-title,.sidebar-logo-link,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-logo-link{background:transparent!important;box-shadow:none!important;border:none!important;border-radius:0!important}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-header-stacked,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-header{display:flex!important;flex-direction:row!important;align-items:center!important;gap:0.4rem;flex-wrap:nowrap!important}.sidebar-logo-link{min-height:0;padding:0;margin:0;flex-shrink:0}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-tools-main{display:inline-flex!important;gap:0.15rem;margin:0;vertical-align:middle}#quarto-sidebar .quarto-sidebar-header,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-header-stacked,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-header,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-logo-link{display:none!important}#quarto-sidebar .quarto-sidebar-header:has(.sidebar-part-title){display:block!important}.sidebar-part-title{display:block!important;margin:0!important;background:var(--pc-main, #2c3e50)!important;color:#ffffff!important}.navbar .navbar-nav .nav-link,.navbar .navbar-nav .nav-link:visited,.navbar .navbar-nav .nav-link .menu-text,.navbar .navbar-nav .nav-link:visited .menu-text,.navbar .navbar-nav .nav-link span,.navbar .navbar-nav .nav-link:visited span{color:#ccd1d5!important;font-weight:500!important;text-decoration:none}.navbar .navbar-nav .nav-link:hover,.navbar .navbar-nav .nav-link:hover .menu-text,.navbar .navbar-nav .nav-link:hover span{color:#ffffff!important;text-decoration:none}.navbar{background-color:var(--pc-main, #2c3e50)!important}.navbar .navbar-collapse{display:flex!important;flex-basis:auto!important}.navbar .navbar-nav{flex-direction:row!important}.navbar .navbar-toggler{display:none!important}.navbar .navbar-nav.me-auto{order:-1;margin-right:1rem!important}.book-nav-header{display:block!important;margin:0!important;padding:0.75rem 1rem!important;background:var(--pc-main, #2c3e50)!important}.sidebar-tools-main,.quarto-navigation-tool{background:transparent!important;box-shadow:none!important;border:none!important;border-radius:0!important}.sidebar-navigation a{display:block;padding:0.3rem 0.5rem;border-radius:6px;margin:0 0.25rem;transition:all 0.2s ease;color:var(--gray-700);text-decoration:none;font-weight:500}.sidebar-navigation a:hover{background:rgba(0,102,204,0.08);color:var(--primary-blue);transform:translateX(4px)}.sidebar-navigation a.active{background:var(--gradient-primary);color:white;font-weight:600;box-shadow:var(--shadow-md)}.part{color:white;padding:0.85rem 1.35rem;border-radius:10px;font-weight:800;font-size:1rem;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.1em;margin:1.2rem 0.3rem 0.8rem;box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);transition:all 0.3s ease;border-left:6px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.5);position:relative;overflow:hidden;text-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.2)}.part::after{content:"";position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,255,255,0.15) 0%,transparent 50%,rgba(0,0,0,0.1) 100%);pointer-events:none}.part:hover{box-shadow:0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.35);transform:translateX(5px) scale(1.02);letter-spacing:0.12em}.sidebar-item a[href*="/legal/"] .chapter-number,.breadcrumb a[href*="/legal/"] .chapter-number,nav a[href*="/legal/"] .chapter-number,a[href*="/legal/"] .chapter-number{display:none!important}.badge{display:inline-block;padding:0.25rem 0.75rem;border-radius:20px;font-size:0.75rem;font-weight:600;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.05em}.btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:0.5rem;padding:0.75rem 1.5rem;border-radius:8px;font-weight:600;font-size:1rem;transition:all 0.3s ease;text-decoration:none;border:none;cursor:pointer}.btn-primary{background:var(--primary-blue);color:white}.btn-primary:hover{background:var(--primary-dark);transform:translateY(-2px);box-shadow:var(--shadow-md);color:white}.breadcrumb{padding:1rem 0;margin-bottom:1.5rem;font-size:0.875rem}.breadcrumb a{color:var(--gray-700);text-decoration:none;transition:color 0.2s ease}.breadcrumb a:hover{color:var(--primary-blue)}.breadcrumb-item{display:inline-block}.breadcrumb-item+.breadcrumb-item::before{content:"›";padding:0 0.5rem;color:var(--gray-500);font-weight:600}.breadcrumb-part{font-weight:700;color:var(--primary-dark)}.breadcrumb-section{font-weight:600;color:var(--gray-700)}.breadcrumb-subsection{font-weight:500;color:var(--gray-600)}.breadcrumb-chapter{font-weight:500;color:var(--gray-700)}.breadcrumb-chapter.active{color:var(--gray-900);font-weight:600}.breadcrumb .chapter-number{display:none}.module-switcher{margin:1rem 0;border:2px solid #e5e7eb;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden}.module-switcher-header{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;padding:0.75rem 1rem;background:#f9fafb;cursor:pointer}.current-module-info{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:0.25rem}.module-label{font-size:0.75rem;color:#6b7280;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.05em}.module-name{font-weight:600;font-size:0.95rem}.switcher-toggle{background:none;border:none;cursor:pointer;padding:0.25rem;color:#6b7280;transition:color 0.2s}.switcher-toggle:hover{color:#111827}.module-switcher-menu{border-top:1px solid #e5e7eb}.switcher-modules{max-height:400px;overflow-y:auto}.switcher-module{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:0.25rem;padding:0.75rem 1rem;border-left:4px solid transparent;text-decoration:none;color:#111827;transition:all 0.2s}.switcher-module:hover{background:#f9fafb}.switcher-module.active{background:#f0f9ff;font-weight:600}.module-number{font-size:0.7rem;color:#9ca3af;font-weight:500}.module-title{font-size:0.9rem}.module-chapters{font-size:0.75rem;color:#6b7280}.back-to-all-modules{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.5rem;padding:0.5rem 1rem;margin:0.5rem 0;background:#f9fafb;border:1px solid #e5e7eb;border-radius:6px;color:#2563eb;text-decoration:none;font-weight:500;font-size:0.9rem;transition:all 0.2s}.back-to-all-modules:hover{background:#f0f9ff;border-color:#2563eb;transform:translateX(-2px)}.module-navigation{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(280px,1fr));gap:2rem;margin:4rem 0 2rem;padding:2rem 0;border-top:2px solid #e5e7eb}.module-nav-link{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:0.5rem;padding:1.5rem;background:#ffffff;border:2px solid #e5e7eb;border-left:5px solid;border-radius:8px;text-decoration:none;transition:all 0.3s}.module-nav-link:hover{transform:translateY(-4px);box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.nav-direction{font-size:0.75rem;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.05em;color:#6b7280}.nav-module-name{font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:700}.nav-module-desc{font-size:0.9rem;color:#4b5563;line-height:1.5}.module-nav-prev{text-align:left}.module-nav-next{text-align:right}.breadcrumb-module a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;font-weight:600}@media(max-width:768px){.module-navigation{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1rem}.module-nav-next{text-align:left}}.module-card{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.ripple{position:absolute;border-radius:50%;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.6);transform:scale(0);animation:ripple-animation 0.6s ease-out;pointer-events:none}@keyframes ripple-animation{to{transform:scale(4);opacity:0}}.module-filter-bar{margin:2rem auto;padding:1.5rem;background:#f9fafb;border-radius:8px;border:1px solid #e5e7eb;max-width:1200px}.filter-container{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:1rem}.filter-container label{font-weight:600;color:#374151}.filter-container select{padding:0.5rem 1rem;border:2px solid #e5e7eb;border-radius:6px;font-size:1rem;background:white;cursor:pointer;transition:border-color 0.2s}.filter-container select:hover{border-color:#2563eb}.filter-container select:focus{outline:none;border-color:#2563eb;box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(37,99,235,0.1)}.animate-ready{opacity:0;transform:translateY(20px);transition:opacity 0.5s ease,transform 0.5s ease}.animate-in{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}#stat-modules,#stat-parts,#stat-chapters{display:inline-block;min-width:3ch;transition:all 0.3s ease}@media(max-width:768px){.filter-container{flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch}.filter-container select{width:100%}}.back-to-top{position:fixed;bottom:2rem;right:2rem;background:var(--gradient-primary);color:white;width:50px;height:50px;border-radius:50%;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-size:1.25rem;box-shadow:var(--shadow-lg);cursor:pointer;transition:all 0.3s ease;z-index:1000}.search-input{width:100%;padding:0.75rem 1rem;border:2px solid var(--gray-200);border-radius:8px;font-size:1rem;transition:all 0.3s ease}.search-input:focus{outline:none;border-color:var(--primary-blue);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(0,102,204,0.1)}.global-search-container{color:var(--flat-text, #21242c);display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-md, 1rem);margin:0 auto var(--spacing-xl, 2rem);max-width:1040px;width:100%}.global-search-header{display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-xs, 0.25rem)}.global-search-header h2{color:var(--flat-text, #21242c);font-size:var(--font-size-2xl, 1.5rem);line-height:var(--line-height-tight, 1.25);margin:0}.global-search-header .search-description{color:var(--flat-text-muted, #475774);margin:0}.global-search-input-wrapper{background:var(--flat-surface, #ffffff);border:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);border-radius:8px;box-shadow:none;display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-sm, 0.5rem);padding:var(--spacing-md, 1rem)}.global-search-label{color:var(--flat-text, #21242c);font-size:var(--font-size-sm, 0.875rem);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold, 600);line-height:var(--line-height-snug, 1.375)}.global-search-field{align-items:center;display:flex;position:relative}.global-search-field .search-icon{border:2px solid var(--flat-text-subtle, #646b7a);border-radius:50%;height:0.85rem;left:1rem;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;width:0.85rem}.global-search-field .search-icon::after{background:var(--flat-text-subtle, #646b7a);content:"";height:2px;left:0.62rem;position:absolute;top:0.68rem;transform:rotate(45deg);transform-origin:left center;width:0.42rem}.global-search-input{background:var(--flat-surface, #ffffff);border:1px solid var(--flat-border-strong, #c7c9cc);border-radius:8px;color:var(--flat-text, #21242c);font-size:var(--font-size-base, 1rem);line-height:var(--line-height-normal, 1.5);min-height:48px;padding:0.75rem 1rem 0.75rem 2.65rem;transition:border-color 0.18s ease,box-shadow 0.18s ease;width:100%}.global-search-input::placeholder{color:var(--flat-text-subtle, #646b7a)}.global-search-input:focus{border-color:var(--flat-focus-ring, #1865f2);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(24,101,242,0.16);outline:none}.global-search-input-meta{align-items:start;display:flex;gap:var(--spacing-md, 1rem);justify-content:space-between}.global-search-input-meta .search-help,.global-search-input-meta .search-stats{color:var(--flat-text-muted, #475774);font-size:var(--font-size-sm, 0.875rem);line-height:var(--line-height-snug, 1.375);margin:0}.global-search-input-meta .search-stats{font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold, 600);text-align:right;white-space:nowrap}.global-search-container .search-loading{align-items:center;background:var(--flat-surface-muted, #f7f8fa);border:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);border-radius:8px;color:var(--flat-text-muted, #475774);display:flex;gap:var(--spacing-sm, 0.5rem);padding:var(--spacing-md, 1rem)}.global-search-container .search-loading[hidden]{display:none}.global-search-container .spinner{animation:global-search-spin 0.8s linear infinite;border:3px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);border-radius:50%;border-top-color:var(--flat-accent, #1865f2);height:1.5rem;width:1.5rem}@keyframes global-search-spin{to{transform:rotate(360deg)}}.global-search-results{display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-md, 1rem)}.global-search-container .search-state{background:var(--flat-surface-muted, #f7f8fa);border:1px dashed var(--flat-border-strong, #c7c9cc);border-radius:8px;color:var(--flat-text-muted, #475774);display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-sm, 0.5rem);padding:var(--spacing-lg, 1.5rem)}.global-search-container .search-error{background:#fff1f2;border-color:#b42318;color:#7a1b12}.global-search-container .search-no-results{background:#fff7ed;border-color:#b66000;color:#713b00}.global-search-container .search-state-title{color:inherit;font-size:var(--font-size-lg, 1.125rem);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold, 600);line-height:var(--line-height-snug, 1.375);margin:0}.global-search-container .search-state-detail{margin:0}.global-search-container .search-suggestions{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:var(--spacing-sm, 0.5rem);margin-top:var(--spacing-xs, 0.25rem)}.global-search-container .search-suggestion{background:var(--flat-surface, #ffffff);border:1px solid var(--flat-border-strong, #c7c9cc);border-radius:6px;color:var(--flat-text, #21242c);cursor:pointer;font:inherit;font-size:var(--font-size-sm, 0.875rem);line-height:var(--line-height-snug, 1.375);min-height:36px;padding:0.4rem 0.7rem}.global-search-container .search-suggestion:hover,.global-search-container .search-suggestion:focus-visible{background:var(--interactive-all-soft, #eef5fa);border-color:var(--flat-accent, #1865f2);color:var(--interactive-all-ink, #24445f);outline:none}.global-search-container .search-broaden{background:var(--flat-accent, #1865f2);border:1px solid var(--flat-accent, #1865f2);border-radius:6px;color:#ffffff;cursor:pointer;font:inherit;font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold, 600);justify-self:start;min-height:42px;padding:0.55rem 0.85rem}.global-search-container .search-broaden:hover,.global-search-container .search-broaden:focus-visible{background:#114fc0;outline:3px solid rgba(24,101,242,0.22);outline-offset:2px}.global-search-container .search-broadened-notice{background:var(--interactive-all-soft, #eef5fa);border-left:4px solid var(--flat-accent, #1865f2);color:var(--interactive-all-ink, #24445f);margin:0;padding:0.65rem 0.85rem}.global-search-container .search-mobile-help{display:none}.global-search-container .search-gallery-group{background:var(--flat-surface, #ffffff);border:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);border-radius:8px;box-shadow:none;overflow:hidden}.global-search-container .gallery-group-header{align-items:center;background:var(--flat-surface-muted, #f7f8fa);border-bottom:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);border-left:4px solid var(--gallery-color, var(--flat-accent, #1865f2));display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-sm, 0.5rem);grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0,1fr) auto;padding:0.85rem 1rem}.global-search-container .gallery-icon{align-items:center;background:var(--flat-surface, #ffffff);border:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);border-radius:6px;display:inline-flex;font-size:1rem;height:2rem;justify-content:center;width:2rem}.global-search-container .gallery-group-title{min-width:0}.global-search-container .gallery-group-title h3{color:var(--flat-text, #21242c);font-size:var(--font-size-base, 1rem);line-height:var(--line-height-snug, 1.375);margin:0}.global-search-container .gallery-group-title p{color:var(--flat-text-muted, #475774);font-size:var(--font-size-sm, 0.875rem);line-height:var(--line-height-snug, 1.375);margin:0.1rem 0 0}.global-search-container .gallery-count{color:var(--flat-text-muted, #475774);font-size:var(--font-size-sm, 0.875rem);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold, 600);white-space:nowrap}.global-search-container .gallery-group-items{display:grid;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.global-search-container .search-result-entry+.search-result-entry{border-top:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd)}.global-search-container .search-result-item{color:var(--flat-text, #21242c);display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-sm, 0.5rem);padding:1rem;text-decoration:none}.global-search-container .search-result-item:hover,.global-search-container .search-result-item:focus-visible,.global-search-container .search-result-item.is-active{background:var(--interactive-all-soft, #eef5fa);box-shadow:inset 3px 0 0 var(--flat-accent, #1865f2);color:var(--flat-text, #21242c);outline:none;text-decoration:none}.global-search-container .result-header{align-items:start;display:flex;gap:var(--spacing-sm, 0.5rem)}.global-search-container .result-icon{align-items:center;background:var(--flat-control-bg, #f1f3f5);border-radius:6px;display:inline-flex;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:0.95rem;height:1.75rem;justify-content:center;width:1.75rem}.global-search-container .result-titles{min-width:0}.global-search-container .result-title{color:var(--flat-text, #21242c);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold, 600);line-height:var(--line-height-snug, 1.375);overflow-wrap:anywhere}.global-search-container .result-subtitle{color:var(--flat-text-muted, #475774);font-size:var(--font-size-sm, 0.875rem);line-height:var(--line-height-snug, 1.375);margin-top:0.1rem;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.global-search-container .result-meta{color:var(--flat-text-subtle, #646b7a);display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:var(--spacing-xs, 0.25rem)}.global-search-container .result-meta span{background:var(--flat-surface-muted, #f7f8fa);border:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);border-radius:4px;font-size:var(--font-size-xs, 0.75rem);line-height:var(--line-height-snug, 1.375);padding:0.15rem 0.4rem}.global-search-container .result-description,.global-search-container .result-chapter{color:var(--flat-text-muted, #475774);font-size:var(--font-size-sm, 0.875rem);line-height:var(--line-height-normal, 1.5);overflow-wrap:anywhere}.global-search-container .result-chapter{color:var(--interactive-all-ink, #24445f);font-weight:var(--font-weight-medium, 500)}.global-search-container mark{background:#fff4e3;border-radius:3px;color:#713b00;padding:0 0.1rem}@media(max-width:640px){body.iotclass-search-page,body.iotclass-search-page #quarto-document-content{overflow-x:clip!important;overflow-y:visible!important}body.iotclass-search-page #last-edited-banner,body.iotclass-search-page #title-block-header .subtitle,body.iotclass-search-page #global-search>h2,body.iotclass-search-page .global-search-header{display:none!important}body.iotclass-search-page #title-block-header{margin-bottom:0.5rem;padding-bottom:0}body.iotclass-search-page #title-block-header h1{margin-bottom:0}body.iotclass-search-page #global-search{margin-top:0;padding-top:0}.global-search-container{gap:var(--spacing-sm, 0.5rem)}.global-search-header h2{font-size:var(--font-size-xl, 1.25rem)}.global-search-input-wrapper,.global-search-container .search-state{padding:var(--spacing-md, 1rem)}body.iotclass-search-page .global-search-input-wrapper{position:sticky;top:0.5rem;z-index:20}body.iotclass-search-page .global-search-label,body.iotclass-search-page .global-search-input-meta .search-help{display:none}body.iotclass-search-page .global-search-container .search-mobile-help{color:var(--flat-text-muted, #475774);display:block;font-size:var(--font-size-sm, 0.875rem)}body.iotclass-search-page .global-search-container .search-mobile-help summary{color:var(--interactive-all-ink, #24445f);cursor:pointer;font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold, 600)}body.iotclass-search-page .global-search-container .search-mobile-help p{margin:0.5rem 0 0}.global-search-container .gallery-group-header{align-items:stretch;grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0,1fr)}.global-search-container .global-search-input-meta{align-items:stretch;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr}.global-search-container .global-search-input-meta .search-stats{text-align:left;white-space:normal}.global-search-container .gallery-count{grid-column:2;white-space:normal}.global-search-container .search-result-item{padding:0.85rem}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.global-search-input,.global-search-container .spinner{animation:none;transition:none}}.search-result-type-group{display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-md, 1rem)}.search-result-type-header{align-items:baseline;border-bottom:2px solid var(--ds-line);display:flex;gap:var(--spacing-sm, 0.5rem);justify-content:space-between;padding-bottom:var(--spacing-xs, 0.25rem)}#quarto-document-content .search-result-type-header h2{border-bottom:0!important;color:var(--flat-text, #21242c);font-size:var(--font-size-xl, 1.25rem);margin:0;padding-bottom:0}#quarto-document-content .search-result-type-header h2::before,#quarto-document-content .search-result-type-header h2::after{content:none}.search-result-type-count{color:var(--flat-text-muted, #475774);font-size:var(--font-size-sm, 0.875rem);white-space:nowrap}.global-search-container .study-search-items{display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-xs, 0.25rem);list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.global-search-container .study-search-items .search-result-entry{border:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);border-radius:6px;min-width:0}.global-search-container .study-search-items .result-description{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}hr{border:none;height:2px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,transparent 0%,var(--primary-blue) 50%,transparent 100%);margin:3rem 0}.text-center{text-align:center}.text-left{text-align:left}.embed{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--gray-200);border-radius:12px;box-shadow:var(--shadow-md);margin:1.5rem 0;overflow:hidden}.embed-header{background:var(--gradient-primary);color:#fff;padding:0.5rem 0.75rem;font-weight:700;font-size:0.95rem}.embed-frame{display:block;width:100%;border:0}.embed-caption{padding:0.5rem 0.75rem 0.9rem;color:var(--gray-700);font-style:italic;background:#fafafa}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0}.quiz,.mcq{border:1px solid var(--flat-border);border-left:3px solid var(--interactive-knowledge-check);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-lg);padding:1rem;box-shadow:var(--flat-shadow);background:var(--flat-surface);margin:1.25rem 0}.knowledge-check{border:1px solid var(--flat-border);border-left:3px solid var(--interactive-knowledge-check);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-lg);background:var(--flat-surface);margin:1.5rem 0;box-shadow:var(--flat-shadow)}.knowledge-check summary{cursor:pointer;padding:1rem 1.25rem;font-weight:700;font-size:1rem;color:var(--interactive-knowledge-check-ink);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.75rem;user-select:none;transition:background-color var(--transition-fast);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-md)}.knowledge-check summary:hover{background:var(--interactive-knowledge-check-soft)}.knowledge-check summary::before{content:"✓";display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:28px;height:28px;background:var(--interactive-knowledge-check-soft);color:var(--interactive-knowledge-check-ink);border:1px solid var(--flat-border);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-md);font-size:0.875rem;font-weight:700;flex-shrink:0}.knowledge-check summary::marker{content:""}@keyframes slideDown{from{opacity:0;transform:translateY(-10px)}to{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}}.knowledge-check .mcq{margin:0.75rem 0;border-color:var(--flat-border);background:var(--flat-surface-muted)}.knowledge-check-badge{display:inline-block;background:var(--interactive-knowledge-check-soft);color:var(--interactive-knowledge-check-ink);padding:0.25rem 0.625rem;border:1px solid var(--flat-border);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-md);font-size:0.75rem;font-weight:600;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.025em;margin-left:auto}.mt-1{margin-top:var(--spacing-xs)}.mt-2{margin-top:var(--spacing-sm)}@media(max-width:768px){.back-to-top{bottom:1rem;right:1rem;width:45px;height:45px}table{font-size:0.875rem}thead th,tbody td{padding:0.75rem}.callout{padding:1rem 1.25rem;margin:1rem 0;border-radius:6px}.callout-title{font-size:0.9375rem;margin-bottom:0.5rem}.callout-body{line-height:1.65}.callout[data-bs-toggle=collapse] .callout-title{min-height:44px;display:flex;align-items:center;cursor:pointer}.sourceCode,pre.sourceCode{padding:1rem;margin:1rem 0;border-radius:8px;font-size:0.8125rem}div.sourceCode::before{font-size:0.625rem;padding:0.2rem 0.5rem;top:0.5rem;right:0.5rem}figure{margin:1rem 0}figure img{max-width:100%;height:auto}figcaption{font-size:0.8125rem;padding:0.5rem}.mermaid{overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;font-size:0.75rem}.sidebar-item a{min-height:44px;padding:0.75rem 1rem;display:flex;align-items:center}.table-responsive,table{display:block;overflow-x:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}}.front-door-scope-table{width:100%;max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;overscroll-behavior-inline:contain;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}.front-door-scope-table table{width:100%;min-width:660px}.front-door-scope-table:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--focus-ring, #1865f2);outline-offset:3px}.iot-stack-table-wrap table{width:100%}#quarto-document-content table.iot-stack-table{width:100%}@media(max-width:700px){.iot-stack-table-wrap{overflow-x:visible}#quarto-document-content table.iot-stack-table thead{display:none}#quarto-document-content table.iot-stack-table,#quarto-document-content table.iot-stack-table tbody,#quarto-document-content table.iot-stack-table tr,#quarto-document-content table.iot-stack-table td,#quarto-document-content table.iot-stack-table th{display:block;width:100%}#quarto-document-content table.iot-stack-table tr[data-iot-stack-header=true]{display:none!important}#quarto-document-content table.iot-stack-table tr{margin:0 0 1rem;border:1px solid #d9e5ea;border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;background:#ffffff;box-shadow:0 10px 24px rgba(15,23,42,0.06)}#quarto-document-content table.iot-stack-table td,#quarto-document-content table.iot-stack-table th{border:0;border-bottom:1px solid #edf2f7;padding:0.8rem 0.9rem;text-align:left!important;white-space:normal}#quarto-document-content table.iot-stack-table td:last-child,#quarto-document-content table.iot-stack-table th:last-child{border-bottom:0}#quarto-document-content table.iot-stack-table td::before,#quarto-document-content table.iot-stack-table th::before{content:attr(data-label);display:block;margin-bottom:0.3rem;font-size:0.72rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0.04em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#5b6f7f}}@media(max-width:480px){.callout{padding:0.875rem 1rem;margin:0.75rem 0}.callout-title{font-size:0.875rem}.sourceCode,pre.sourceCode{padding:0.75rem;font-size:0.75rem}h1{font-size:1.75rem}h2{font-size:1.375rem}h3{font-size:1.125rem}.back-to-top{width:48px;height:48px}}#quarto-margin-sidebar{--toc-accent: #2f4f4f;--toc-accent-border: #2f4f4f;background:transparent!important;border:none!important;border-left:none!important;padding:0.5rem 0.75rem 0.5rem 0.25rem!important;box-shadow:none!important;border-radius:0!important;position:relative;overflow-x:visible;overflow-y:auto;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:100%}nav#TOC{font-size:0.82rem;line-height:1.5;max-width:100%;overflow:visible;box-sizing:border-box}nav#TOC ul{list-style:none;padding-left:0;margin:0}nav#TOC li{margin:0}#quarto-margin-sidebar nav#TOC a,nav#TOC a{display:block;position:relative;padding:0.15rem 0.75rem 0.15rem 0.5rem;color:#495057!important;text-decoration:none!important;border-left:2px solid transparent;border-radius:3px;transition:none!important;line-height:1.3;background:none!important;white-space:normal;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:break-word;hyphens:auto;font-size:0.78rem;min-height:0;max-width:calc(100% - 0.5rem);box-sizing:border-box}#quarto-margin-sidebar nav#TOC a .header-section-number,nav#TOC a .header-section-number{white-space:nowrap}#quarto-margin-sidebar nav#TOC ul,nav#TOC ul{padding-right:1rem}nav#TOC li{overflow:visible}#quarto-margin-sidebar nav#TOC a:hover,nav#TOC a:hover{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.04)!important;color:#212529!important}#quarto-margin-sidebar nav#TOC a.active,nav#TOC a.active{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.06)!important;border-left-color:var(--toc-accent-border);border-left-width:3px;font-weight:600;color:#2c3e50!important}nav#TOC ul ul{padding-left:0.75rem;margin:0;border-left:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.06)}nav#TOC ul ul a{font-size:0.75rem;padding:0.2rem 0.3rem 0.2rem 0.5rem}nav#TOC .toc-actions{margin-top:1rem;padding-top:0.75rem;border-top:1px solid #e0e0e0}@media(max-width:1399px){#quarto-margin-sidebar{padding:0.5rem 0.25rem}}@media(max-width:991px){#quarto-margin-sidebar{border-left:none;box-shadow:none}}.sidebar-item-container .collapse-indicator{color:inherit;transition:transform 0.3s ease}.sidebar{background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fafbfc 0%,#ffffff 100%)}@media(min-width:1100px){body.docked .page-columns{padding-left:0!important;padding-right:0!important;column-gap:0!important}}@media(min-width:992px)and (max-width:1099px){body.docked .page-columns{padding-left:0!important;padding-right:0!important;column-gap:0!important;grid-template-columns:[screen-start] 0px [screen-start-inset page-start] 325px [page-start-inset] 0px [body-start-outset] 0px [body-start] 1.5rem [body-content-start] 1fr [body-content-end] 0px [body-end] 0px [body-end-outset] 0px [page-end-inset] 0px [page-end] 0px [screen-end-inset] 1.5rem [screen-end]!important}#quarto-margin-sidebar{display:none!important}}@media(min-width:992px){body.nav-sidebar.docked:not(.iotclass-homepage):not(.iotclass-modules-landing) #quarto-content.page-columns{display:grid!important;width:min(100%,1840px);max-width:1840px;margin-inline:auto;box-sizing:border-box}body.nav-sidebar.docked:not(.iotclass-homepage):not(.iotclass-modules-landing) #quarto-sidebar{grid-column:screen-start-inset / page-start-inset;grid-row:1 / span 4;align-self:start}body.nav-sidebar.docked:not(.iotclass-homepage):not(.iotclass-modules-landing) #quarto-margin-sidebar{grid-column:body-end / page-end;grid-row:1;align-self:start}body.nav-sidebar.docked:not(.iotclass-homepage):not(.iotclass-modules-landing) main.content,body.nav-sidebar.docked:not(.iotclass-homepage):not(.iotclass-modules-landing) main.content.column-body{grid-column:body-content-start / body-content-end;justify-self:start}body.nav-sidebar.docked:not(.iotclass-homepage):not(.iotclass-modules-landing) .page-navigation{grid-column:body-content-start / body-content-end}#quarto-sidebar,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-navigation{width:325px!important;min-width:0!important;max-width:325px!important}#quarto-margin-sidebar{position:sticky!important;top:60px;max-height:calc(100vh - 80px);overflow-y:auto;min-width:0!important;width:auto!important;padding-right:0.75rem}}@media(min-width:769px){body.nav-sidebar:not(.iotclass-homepage):not(.iotclass-modules-landing) #quarto-sidebar .sidebar-search,body.nav-sidebar:not(.iotclass-homepage):not(.iotclass-modules-landing) #quarto-header #quarto-search,body.nav-sidebar:not(.iotclass-homepage):not(.iotclass-modules-landing) #quarto-header .aa-DetachedSearchButton{display:none!important}body.nav-sidebar:not(.iotclass-homepage):not(.iotclass-modules-landing) #global-search-btn{display:none!important}body.nav-sidebar:not(.iotclass-homepage):not(.iotclass-modules-landing) .quarto-secondary-nav{display:none!important}}html{overflow-x:hidden}.media-version-indicator{position:absolute;top:8px;right:8px;background:rgba(44,62,80,0.85);color:white;padding:4px 8px;border-radius:6px;font-size:12px;cursor:pointer;z-index:10;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:4px;opacity:0;transition:opacity 0.2s,transform 0.2s;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.2)}.media-version-container:hover .media-version-indicator,figure:hover .media-version-indicator,[id^=fig-]:hover .media-version-indicator{opacity:1}.media-version-indicator:hover{transform:scale(1.1);background:rgba(22,160,133,0.95)}.media-version-indicator .version-icon{font-size:14px}.media-version-indicator .version-count{background:rgba(255,255,255,0.2);padding:1px 6px;border-radius:10px;font-size:10px;font-weight:600}.media-version-container{position:relative;display:inline-block}.admin-media-indicator{position:absolute;top:8px;right:8px;background:rgba(44,62,80,0.85);color:white;padding:6px 10px;border-radius:6px;font-size:16px;cursor:pointer;z-index:10;opacity:0;transition:opacity 0.2s,transform 0.2s;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.2)}.admin-media-container:hover .admin-media-indicator,figure:hover .admin-media-indicator,[id^=fig-]:hover .admin-media-indicator,.quarto-figure:hover .admin-media-indicator,.cell-output-display:hover .admin-media-indicator{opacity:1}.admin-media-indicator:hover{transform:scale(1.1);background:rgba(22,160,133,0.95)}.admin-media-container{position:relative;display:inline-block}.option-badge{background:rgba(22,160,133,0.2);color:#16a085;padding:2px 6px;border-radius:4px;font-size:10px;font-weight:600;margin-left:auto}.media-toggle-indicator{position:absolute;top:4px;right:4px;background:rgba(44,62,80,0.9);color:white;padding:4px 8px;border-radius:4px;font-size:11px;cursor:pointer;z-index:10;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:4px;opacity:0.7;transition:opacity 0.2s,transform 0.2s}.media-toggle-indicator:hover{opacity:1;transform:scale(1.05)}.media-toggle-indicator .toggle-icon{font-size:14px}.media-toggle-indicator .toggle-count{font-size:10px;opacity:0.85}.media-picker-panel{position:fixed;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);background:white;border:1px solid #ddd;border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 4px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);z-index:10001;min-width:350px;max-width:500px;max-height:80vh;overflow-y:auto;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,sans-serif}.media-panel-header{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;padding:12px 16px;background:#2c3e50;color:white;border-radius:8px 8px 0 0;font-weight:600}.media-panel-close{background:none;border:none;color:white;font-size:24px;cursor:pointer;padding:0;line-height:1;opacity:0.7;transition:opacity 0.2s}.media-panel-close:hover{opacity:1}.media-panel-body{padding:16px}.media-type-section{margin-bottom:16px}.media-type-section:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.media-type-section h4{margin:0 0 8px 0;color:#2c3e50;font-size:14px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee;padding-bottom:4px}.media-options-list{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:4px}.media-option{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:8px;border:1px solid #e0e0e0;border-radius:4px;cursor:pointer;transition:background 0.2s,border-color 0.2s}.media-option:hover{background:#f5f5f5}.media-option.selected{background:#e8f6f3;border-color:#16a085}.media-option input{margin:0;cursor:pointer}.option-label{flex:1;font-size:13px;font-weight:500}.option-source,.option-file{font-size:11px;color:#666;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;max-width:120px}.media-panel-actions{margin-top:16px;text-align:right;border-top:1px solid #eee;padding-top:12px}.apply-media-btn{background:#16a085;color:white;border:none;padding:8px 16px;border-radius:4px;cursor:pointer;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;transition:background 0.2s}.apply-media-btn:hover{background:#138d75}.media-panel-info{padding:8px 16px;background:#f8f9fa;border-bottom:1px solid #eee;font-size:12px;color:#666}.media-type-badge{padding:2px 6px;border-radius:3px;font-size:10px;font-weight:600;text-transform:uppercase}.media-type-badge.image{background:#e8f6f3;color:#16a085}.media-type-badge.diagram{background:#fdf2e9;color:#e67e22}.media-preview-section{margin-top:16px;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px solid #eee}.media-preview-section h4{margin:0 0 8px 0;color:#2c3e50;font-size:14px}.preview-container{background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #ddd;border-radius:4px;padding:12px;text-align:center;min-height:80px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.preview-placeholder{color:#999;font-size:12px;font-style:italic}.admin-tools-section{margin-top:16px;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px solid #eee}.admin-tools-section h4{margin:0 0 10px 0;color:#2c3e50;font-size:14px}.admin-tool-buttons{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap}.apply-all-btn,.reset-selection-btn{flex:1;min-width:120px;padding:8px 12px;border:none;border-radius:4px;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;font-weight:500;transition:background 0.2s}.apply-all-btn{background:#e67e22;color:white}.apply-all-btn:hover{background:#d35400}.reset-selection-btn{background:#95a5a6;color:white}.reset-selection-btn:hover{background:#7f8c8d}.diagram-indicator{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#9b59b6 0%,#8e44ad 100%)}.diagram-indicator:hover{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#8e44ad 0%,#7d3c98 100%)}.library-section{margin-top:16px;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px solid #eee}.library-images .library-option{flex:0 0 auto;padding:4px 8px;font-size:11px;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #e9ecef;border-radius:4px}.library-option.selected{background:#e8f6f3;border-color:#16a085}.media-picker-backdrop{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.5);z-index:10000}@media(max-width:480px){.media-picker-panel{min-width:290px;max-width:calc(100vw - 40px)}.media-panel-header{padding:10px 14px;font-size:14px}.media-panel-body{padding:12px}.media-option{padding:6px;gap:6px}.option-source,.option-file{max-width:80px}}.layer-practical{border-left:3px solid #16a085;padding-left:1rem;margin:1rem 0;background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(22,160,133,0.03) 0%,transparent 100%)}.layer-deep{background:#f8f9fa;border-left:3px solid #7f8c8d;margin:1rem 0}.callout-note[data-title*="Deep Dive"]{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#f8f9fa 0%,#ffffff 100%);border-color:#e9ecef;border-left-color:#7f8c8d;border-left-width:4px}.callout-note[data-title*="Deep Dive"] .callout-title,.callout-note[data-title*="deep dive"] .callout-title{color:#495057;font-weight:600}.callout-note[data-title*="Deep Dive"] .callout-title::before,.callout-note[data-title*="deep dive"] .callout-title::before{content:"Advanced ";font-size:0.7rem;background:#7f8c8d;color:white;padding:0.125rem 0.375rem;border-radius:3px;margin-right:0.5rem;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.025em;vertical-align:middle}.callout-note[data-title*="Deep Dive"] .callout-body{color:#495057}.callout-note[data-title*="Deep Dive"] .math{background:white;padding:0.5rem;border-radius:4px;margin:0.5rem 0}@media print{.hero-section,.features-section,.pathway-section,.testimonial-section,.cta-section,.sidebar,.back-to-top{display:none}figure img{box-shadow:none}}.kids-panel{border:3px solid #ffb347;border-radius:16px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fff8e7 0%,#fffdf5 100%);margin:2rem 0;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(255,179,71,0.2);transition:all 0.3s ease}.kids-panel:hover{box-shadow:0 6px 20px rgba(255,179,71,0.3);transform:translateY(-2px)}.kids-panel-header{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffb347 0%,#ffcc80 100%);padding:1rem 1.25rem;cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.75rem;user-select:none;transition:background 0.2s ease}.kids-panel-header:hover{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffa726 0%,#ffb74d 100%)}.kids-panel.collapsed .kids-panel-toggle{transform:rotate(-90deg)}.kids-panel-body{padding:1.5rem;animation:slideDown 0.3s ease}.kids-panel.collapsed .kids-panel-body{display:none}.iot-kids-book-link{margin:1.25rem 0;padding:0.85rem 1rem;border-left:3px solid 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0.2s}.feedback-submit-btn:hover{background:#138d75}.feedback-thanks{text-align:center;color:#16a085;font-weight:500;padding:1rem;background:#e8f8f5;border-radius:8px}.iotclass-progress-check{text-align:center;margin-bottom:1.5rem;padding-bottom:1rem;border-bottom:1px solid #eee}.progress-checkbox-label{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:0.5rem;cursor:pointer;padding:0.5rem 1rem;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #dee2e6;border-radius:20px;font-size:0.9rem;color:#666;transition:all 0.2s}.progress-checkbox-label:hover{background:#e9ecef;border-color:#adb5bd}.progress-checkbox{width:18px;height:18px;cursor:pointer;accent-color:#16a085}.progress-checkbox:checked+.progress-checkbox-text{color:#16a085;font-weight:500}.iotclass-progress-check.progress-saved .progress-checkbox-label{background:#e8f8f5;border-color:#16a085}.iotclass-admin-link{margin-top:1rem;padding-top:1rem;border-top:1px solid #dee2e6;display:flex;gap:1rem;justify-content:center}.admin-link-btn,.admin-logout-btn{font-size:0.85rem;color:#666;text-decoration:none;padding:0.3rem 0.6rem;border-radius:4px;transition:all 0.2s}.admin-link-btn:hover{background:#f8f9fa;color:#2c3e50}.admin-logout-btn:hover{background:#fee;color:#c00}.iotclass-admin-modal{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.5);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;z-index:10000;padding:1rem}.admin-modal-content{background:white;border-radius:12px;max-width:800px;width:100%;max-height:90vh;overflow:hidden;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.admin-modal-header{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;padding:1rem 1.5rem;background:#2c3e50;color:white}.admin-modal-header 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#e67e22}.feedback-vote{font-size:1.2rem}.feedback-chapter{font-weight:500;color:#2c3e50}.feedback-comment{flex:1;color:#666;font-style:italic}.feedback-time{font-size:0.8rem;color:#999}.comment-status.status-resolved{background:#28a745;color:white}.feedback-error{background:#f8d7da;color:#721c24;padding:0.75rem 1rem;border-radius:6px;margin-top:1rem;text-align:center}.feedback-actions{display:flex;gap:0.5rem;margin-top:0.5rem}.feedback-cancel-btn{background:#6c757d;color:white;border:none;padding:0.6rem 1.5rem;border-radius:6px;cursor:pointer;font-size:0.95rem;transition:background 0.2s}.feedback-cancel-btn:hover{background:#5a6268}.admin-login-form{text-align:center}.admin-login-form p{margin-bottom:1rem;color:#666}.admin-username-input,.admin-password-input{width:100%;max-width:300px;padding:0.75rem 1rem;border:2px solid #dee2e6;border-radius:8px;font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:0.75rem}.admin-username-input:focus,.admin-password-input:focus{outline:none;border-color:#16a085;box-shadow:0 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.section-feedback-trigger,h3:hover .section-feedback-trigger,h4:hover .section-feedback-trigger,h5:hover .section-feedback-trigger,.section-feedback-trigger:hover{opacity:1}.trigger-icon{font-size:0.85em;padding:0.15rem 0.3rem;border-radius:4px;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #dee2e6;transition:all 0.15s ease}.trigger-icon:hover{background:#e9ecef;border-color:#adb5bd}.trigger-icon.trigger-done{background:#e8f8f5;border-color:#16a085;color:#16a085;opacity:0.7}.section-feedback-popup{background:white;border:1px solid #dee2e6;border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);padding:0.5rem;z-index:10000;min-width:160px}.popup-header{font-size:0.75rem;color:#666;text-align:center;padding-bottom:0.4rem;margin-bottom:0.4rem;border-bottom:1px solid #eee}.popup-actions{display:flex;gap:0.25rem;justify-content:center}.popup-btn{background:none;border:1px solid transparent;padding:0.4rem 0.6rem;font-size:1.1rem;cursor:pointer;border-radius:6px;transition:all 0.15s 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0.1s,transform 0.1s;padding:0;line-height:1}.star-btn:hover{transform:scale(1.2)}.star-btn.active,.star-btn:hover,.star-rating:hover .star-btn{color:#f9a825}.star-rating .star-btn:hover~.star-btn{color:#ddd}.section-comment-overlay{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.4);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;z-index:10000;padding:1rem}.section-comment-cancel{background:#6c757d;color:white;border:none;padding:0.6rem 1.25rem;border-radius:6px;cursor:pointer;font-size:0.9rem}.section-comment-cancel:hover{background:#5a6268}.section-comment-submit{background:#e67e22;color:white;border:none;padding:0.6rem 1.25rem;border-radius:6px;cursor:pointer;font-size:0.9rem}.section-comment-submit:hover{background:#d35400}.section-comment-submit:disabled{background:#bdc3c7;cursor:not-allowed}.vote-count{font-size:0.75rem;color:#999;margin-left:-0.2rem}.section-feedback.submitted{opacity:0.8}.chapter-rating-grid{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:1rem;justify-content:center;margin-bottom:1.5rem;padding-bottom:1rem;border-bottom:1px solid #eee}.chapter-rating-item{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:0.5rem}.chapter-rating-item .rating-label{font-size:0.9rem;color:#555}.chapter-star-rating{display:flex;gap:0.25rem}.chapter-star-rating .star-btn{font-size:1.5rem}.modal-actions{display:flex;gap:0.75rem;justify-content:flex-end;margin-top:1rem}.btn-primary{background:#16a085;color:white;border:none;padding:0.6rem 1.25rem;border-radius:6px;cursor:pointer;font-size:0.95rem;transition:background 0.2s}.btn-primary:hover{background:#138d75}.btn-secondary{background:#6c757d;color:white;border:none;padding:0.6rem 1.25rem;border-radius:6px;cursor:pointer;font-size:0.95rem;transition:background 0.2s}.btn-secondary:hover{background:#5a6268}.section-feedback-done{color:#16a085;font-size:0.9rem;font-weight:bold}.rating-comment{margin-top:0.75rem}.rating-comment-input{width:100%;padding:0.5rem;border:1px solid #dee2e6;border-radius:6px;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.9rem;resize:vertical}.rating-comment-input:focus{outline:none;border-color:#16a085}.section-comment-form p{margin:0 0 0.75rem 0;color:#555}.section-comment-input{width:100%;padding:0.75rem;border:1px solid #dee2e6;border-radius:6px;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.95rem;resize:vertical;margin-bottom:0.5rem}.section-comment-input:focus{outline:none;border-color:#e67e22;box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(230,126,34,0.1)}.admin-login-error{color:#dc3545;font-size:0.9rem;text-align:center;padding:0.5rem;margin:0.5rem 0}.admin-stats h3,.admin-feedback-list h3{margin:0 0 1rem 0;font-size:1.1rem;color:#2c3e50;border-bottom:2px solid #eee;padding-bottom:0.5rem}.feedback-section{font-size:0.85rem;color:#888;font-style:italic}.iotclass-user-status{position:static;z-index:1100;padding:0.45rem 1rem;font-size:0.875rem}.user-status-content{max-width:1840px;margin:0 auto;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:0.75rem}.module-bar-left{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.5rem;min-width:0}.module-bar-home{color:inherit!important;text-decoration:none;font-size:0.85rem;white-space:nowrap;opacity:1;transition:opacity 0.2s}.module-bar-home:hover{opacity:0.85;color:inherit!important;text-decoration:none}.module-bar-sidebar-toggle{background:none;border:none;color:inherit;font-size:1.1rem;padding:0.2rem 0.4rem;cursor:pointer;opacity:0.9;transition:opacity 0.2s;display:flex;align-items:center;line-height:1;min-width:44px;min-height:44px;justify-content:center}.module-bar-sidebar-toggle:hover{opacity:1}.module-bar-search{background:rgba(255,255,255,0.15);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.25);color:inherit;font-size:0.8rem;padding:0.25rem 0.65rem;border-radius:5px;cursor:pointer;transition:background 0.2s;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.4rem;white-space:nowrap;min-width:44px;min-height:44px}.module-bar-search:hover{background:rgba(255,255,255,0.25);color:#ffffff}.module-bar-search kbd{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.24);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.6);border-radius:3px;padding:0.05rem 0.35rem;font-size:0.7rem;font-family:inherit;color:inherit!important}.module-bar-search .bi{font-size:0.85rem}.iotclass-user-status .module-bar-search,.iotclass-user-status .module-bar-search .module-bar-search-label{color:#1f2933!important}.iotclass-user-status .module-bar-search:hover,.iotclass-user-status .module-bar-search:focus-visible{background:#f8fafc!important;color:#111827!important}.iotclass-user-status .module-bar-search .bi,.iotclass-user-status .module-bar-search kbd{color:#1f2933!important}.iotclass-user-status .user-status-badge{background:#ffffff!important;color:#1f2933!important;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.86)!important;border-radius:999px!important;padding:0.18rem 0.55rem!important}.module-bar-separator{opacity:0.35;font-size:0.75rem;flex-shrink:0}.module-bar-logo-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:44px;height:44px;border-radius:3px;flex:0 0 44px;line-height:0;text-decoration:none}.module-bar-logo{display:block;width:24px;height:24px;border-radius:3px;object-fit:cover;flex-shrink:0}.module-bar-name{font-weight:600;font-size:0.9rem;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.module-bar-right{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.5rem;flex-shrink:0}.iotclass-auth-slot{display:flex;flex:0 0 150px;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end;width:150px;min-width:150px;max-width:150px;height:40px}.iotclass-auth-slot>.iotclass-auth-trigger,.iotclass-auth-slot>.iotclass-profile-presence{flex:0 0 auto;margin-inline-start:auto;max-width:100%}.iotclass-auth-slot>.iotclass-profile-presence{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end;height:100%}.user-status-badge{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.35rem}.status-icon{font-size:1rem;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;line-height:1}.status-text{color:inherit;opacity:1}.status-text strong{color:#f1c40f}.user-id{font-family:monospace;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.1);padding:0.15rem 0.4rem;border-radius:4px;font-size:0.8rem}.admin-badge .status-text{color:#f1c40f}.admin-badge .status-text strong{color:#f1c40f}.reader-badge .status-text{opacity:1}.guest-badge .status-text{opacity:1;font-style:italic}@media(max-width:640px){.iotclass-user-status{padding:0.4rem 0.75rem}.user-status-content{gap:0.5rem}.module-bar-right{gap:0.35rem}.module-bar-search{padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;gap:0.3rem}.module-bar-search kbd{display:none}}@media(max-width:480px){.module-bar-home{font-size:0.8rem}.module-bar-search-label,.reader-badge .user-id{display:none}.guest-badge .status-text{display:none}.module-bar-link-dashboard{display:none}.iotclass-auth-slot{flex-basis:70px;width:70px;min-width:70px;max-width:70px}}.user-status-actions{display:flex;gap:0.5rem}.status-btn{padding:0.3rem 0.65rem;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.3);border-radius:5px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.12);color:inherit;font-size:0.78rem;cursor:pointer;transition:background 0.2s}.status-btn:hover{background:rgba(255,255,255,0.25);border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5)}.status-dashboard-btn{background:rgba(22,160,133,0.3);border-color:#16a085}.status-dashboard-btn:hover{background:rgba(22,160,133,0.5)}.status-logout-btn{background:rgba(231,76,60,0.2);border-color:rgba(231,76,60,0.5)}.status-logout-btn:hover{background:rgba(231,76,60,0.4)}.status-login-btn{background:rgba(52,152,219,0.2);border-color:rgba(52,152,219,0.5)}.status-login-btn:hover{background:rgba(52,152,219,0.4)}.iotclass-auth-button,.iotclass-auth-trigger{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:0.5rem;min-height:44px;padding:0.55rem 0.9rem;border:1px solid var(--flat-border-strong, #cfd4da);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-md, 6px);background:var(--flat-control-bg, #f1f3f5);color:var(--flat-text, #21242c);font:inherit;font-size:0.9rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;transition:background-color 0.18s ease,border-color 0.18s ease,color 0.18s ease}.iotclass-auth-button:hover:not(:disabled),.iotclass-auth-button:focus-visible:not(:disabled),.iotclass-auth-trigger:hover:not(:disabled),.iotclass-auth-trigger:focus-visible:not(:disabled){border-color:var(--flat-accent, #1865f2);background:var(--flat-control-hover, #e7ebf0);color:var(--flat-text, #21242c);outline:none}.iotclass-auth-button:focus-visible,.iotclass-auth-trigger:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--flat-accent, #1865f2);outline-offset:2px}.iotclass-auth-slot .iotclass-auth-trigger:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #155eef;outline-offset:2px}.iotclass-auth-button-compact{min-height:2rem;padding:0.42rem 0.7rem;font-size:0.78rem}.iotclass-auth-button-secondary{background:#ffffff;color:var(--flat-text-muted, #475774)}.iotclass-auth-button-unavailable,.iotclass-auth-trigger-unavailable,.iotclass-auth-trigger-unavailable:hover,.iotclass-auth-trigger-unavailable:focus-visible{border-color:var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);background:var(--flat-surface-muted, #f7f8fa);color:var(--flat-text-subtle, #646b7a);cursor:not-allowed}.iotclass-auth-provider-mark{color:#1f5fbf;font-weight:800}.iotclass-auth-panel{display:grid;gap:0.85rem;max-width:560px;margin:0 auto;padding:1.25rem;border:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-lg, 8px);background:var(--flat-surface, #ffffff);color:var(--flat-text, #21242c);text-align:center}.iotclass-auth-panel h2{margin:0;color:var(--flat-text, #21242c);font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.25}.iotclass-auth-panel p{margin:0;color:var(--flat-text-muted, #475774)}.iotclass-auth-panel-muted{color:var(--flat-text-muted, #475774)}.iotclass-auth-panel-error{border-color:#f0b7b7;background:#fff7f7}.iotclass-auth-panel-error p{color:#9f2d2d}.iotclass-auth-panel-unavailable{background:var(--flat-surface-muted, #f7f8fa)}.iotclass-auth-profile-mini,.iotclass-auth-profile-link{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.65rem;flex-wrap:wrap}.iotclass-auth-profile-link{min-width:0;color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.iotclass-auth-avatar{width:2rem;height:2rem;border:1px solid var(--flat-border-strong, #cfd4da);border-radius:50%}.iotclass-auth-avatar-mini{width:1.6rem;height:1.6rem}.iotclass-auth-profile-text{display:grid;gap:0.1rem;min-width:0}.iotclass-auth-name{font-weight:700}.iotclass-auth-xp{color:#0f5f55;font-size:0.75rem;font-weight:700}.iotclass-auth-role{padding:0.12rem 0.45rem;border:1px solid #d8a15f;border-radius:4px;background:#fff5e8;color:#7a4a12;font-size:0.68rem;font-weight:800}.iotclass-auth-profile-link-compact,.iotclass-auth-profile-link-mini{padding:0.25rem 0.4rem;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:var(--flat-radius-md, 6px)}.iotclass-auth-profile-link-compact:hover,.iotclass-auth-profile-link-compact:focus-visible,.iotclass-auth-profile-link-mini:hover,.iotclass-auth-profile-link-mini:focus-visible{border-color:var(--flat-border-strong, #cfd4da);background:var(--flat-control-hover, #e7ebf0);outline:2px solid var(--flat-accent, #1865f2);outline-offset:2px}.iotclass-auth-level-chip{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:1.35rem;padding:0.1rem 0.45rem;border:1px solid #9dcfc5;border-radius:4px;background:#e8f6f3;color:#0f5f55;font-size:0.72rem;font-weight:800}.iotclass-profile-presence-slot,.iotclass-profile-presence{position:relative;flex:0 0 auto}.iotclass-profile-presence-trigger{display:inline-flex;min-height:2.25rem;align-items:center;gap:0.42rem;padding:0.22rem 0.55rem 0.22rem 0.28rem;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.72);border-radius:999px;background:#ffffff;color:#1f2933;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1;cursor:pointer}.iotclass-profile-presence-trigger:hover,.iotclass-profile-presence-trigger:focus-visible{background:#f8fafc;color:#111827;outline:3px solid rgba(22,160,133,0.38);outline-offset:2px}.iotclass-profile-presence-avatar{width:1.72rem;height:1.72rem;border-radius:50%;background:#e8f6f3;object-fit:cover}.iotclass-profile-presence-label{white-space:nowrap}.iotclass-profile-presence-chevron{font-size:0.78rem;transition:transform 0.15s ease}.iotclass-profile-presence.is-open .iotclass-profile-presence-chevron{transform:rotate(180deg)}.iotclass-profile-presence-menu{position:absolute;top:calc(100% + 0.45rem);right:0;z-index:1200;display:grid;width:min(14rem,calc(100vw - 1.5rem));overflow:hidden;border:1px solid #cfd7df;border-radius:0.65rem;background:#ffffff;color:#1f2933;box-shadow:0 12px 32px rgba(17,24,39,0.22)}.iotclass-profile-presence-menu[hidden]{display:none}.iotclass-profile-presence-menu a,.iotclass-profile-presence-menu button{display:block;width:100%;padding:0.7rem 0.85rem;border:0;background:transparent;color:#1f2933!important;font:inherit;font-weight:700;text-align:left;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer}.iotclass-profile-presence-menu a:hover,.iotclass-profile-presence-menu a:focus-visible,.iotclass-profile-presence-menu button:hover,.iotclass-profile-presence-menu button:focus-visible{background:#e8f6f3;outline:2px solid #16806f;outline-offset:-2px}.iotclass-profile-presence-progress{margin:0;padding:0.55rem 0.85rem;border-block:1px solid #e4e8ec;color:#475774;font-size:0.78rem;font-weight:700}.iotclass-user-status .iotclass-profile-presence-progress{display:block!important;position:relative;z-index:2;background:#f7f9fb;color:#475774!important;font-size:0.78rem!important;opacity:1!important;white-space:nowrap}.iotclass-module-profile-slot .status-login-btn{min-height:2.25rem;border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.82);background:#ffffff;color:#1f2933;font-weight:700}@media(max-width:480px){.iotclass-profile-presence-label{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);white-space:nowrap}.iotclass-profile-presence-trigger{padding-right:0.35rem}}.iotclass-profile-card{display:grid;overflow:hidden;border:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-lg, 8px);background:var(--flat-surface, #ffffff);color:var(--flat-text, #21242c)}.iotclass-profile-header{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:1rem;padding:1.25rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);background:var(--flat-surface-muted, #f7f8fa)}.iotclass-profile-avatar{width:4.5rem;height:4.5rem;border:1px solid var(--flat-border-strong, #cfd4da);border-radius:50%}.iotclass-profile-header h2,.iotclass-profile-header p{margin:0}.iotclass-profile-header h2{font-size:1.35rem}.iotclass-profile-header p,.iotclass-profile-progress-label,.iotclass-profile-stats span{color:var(--flat-text-muted, #475774)}.iotclass-profile-streak{display:inline-flex;margin-top:0.45rem;padding:0.2rem 0.5rem;border:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);border-radius:4px;background:#ffffff;color:var(--flat-text-muted, #475774);font-size:0.78rem;font-weight:700}.iotclass-profile-stats{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));border-bottom:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd)}.iotclass-profile-stats div{display:grid;gap:0.2rem;padding:1rem;border-right:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);text-align:center}.iotclass-profile-stats div:last-child{border-right:0}.iotclass-profile-stats strong{font-size:1.55rem;line-height:1}.iotclass-profile-progress,.iotclass-profile-badges,.iotclass-profile-actions{padding:1rem 1.25rem}.iotclass-profile-progress-label{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:0.75rem;margin-bottom:0.55rem;font-size:0.88rem}.iotclass-profile-progress-track{overflow:hidden;height:0.65rem;border-radius:999px;background:var(--flat-surface-muted, #f7f8fa)}.iotclass-profile-progress-fill{height:100%;border-radius:inherit;background:var(--flat-accent, #1865f2)}.iotclass-profile-badges{border-top:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd)}.iotclass-profile-badges h3{margin:0 0 0.75rem;color:var(--flat-text, #21242c);font-size:1rem}.iotclass-profile-badges>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(7rem,1fr));gap:0.6rem}.iotclass-profile-badge{display:grid;gap:0.25rem;padding:0.65rem;border:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-md, 6px);background:var(--flat-surface-muted, #f7f8fa);text-align:center}.iotclass-profile-badge-icon{color:var(--flat-text-muted, #475774);font-size:0.72rem;font-weight:800;text-transform:uppercase}.iotclass-profile-actions{display:flex;gap:0.6rem;border-top:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd)}.iotclass-profile-actions .iotclass-auth-button:first-child{flex:1}@media(max-width:640px){.iotclass-profile-header,.iotclass-profile-actions,.iotclass-profile-progress-label{align-items:stretch;flex-direction:column}.iotclass-profile-stats{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.iotclass-profile-stats div:nth-child(2n){border-right:0}}.iotclass-dashboard-profile{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:1rem;min-width:0}.iotclass-dashboard-avatar{width:4.5rem;height:4.5rem;border:1px solid var(--flat-border-strong, #cfd4da);border-radius:50%;background:var(--flat-surface-muted, #f7f8fa)}.iotclass-dashboard-profile h2{margin:0;color:var(--flat-text, #21242c);font-size:1.7rem;line-height:1.2}.iotclass-dashboard-profile p,.iotclass-dashboard-status p,.iotclass-dashboard-note{margin:0;color:var(--flat-text-muted, #475774)}.iotclass-dashboard-status{padding:0.85rem;border:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-md, 6px);background:var(--flat-surface-muted, #f7f8fa)}.iotclass-dashboard-status>span{font-weight:800}.iotclass-dashboard-stats{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr));border:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-lg, 8px);background:var(--flat-surface, #ffffff)}.iotclass-dashboard-stat{display:grid;gap:0.25rem;min-height:5.5rem;padding:1rem 0.75rem;border-right:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);text-align:center}.iotclass-dashboard-stat:last-child{border-right:0}.iotclass-dashboard-stat strong{color:var(--flat-text, #21242c);font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1}.iotclass-dashboard-stat span,.iotclass-dashboard-panel-heading span,.iotclass-dashboard-activity small{color:var(--flat-text-muted, #475774);font-size:0.82rem}.iotclass-dashboard-panel,.iotclass-dashboard-actions{padding:1rem;border:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-lg, 8px);background:var(--flat-surface, #ffffff)}.iotclass-dashboard-panel-heading{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:0.75rem;margin-bottom:0.75rem}.iotclass-dashboard-panel-heading h3{margin:0;color:var(--flat-text, #21242c);font-size:1rem}.iotclass-dashboard-progress-track,.iotclass-dashboard-meter-track{overflow:hidden;border-radius:999px;background:var(--flat-surface-muted, #f7f8fa)}.iotclass-dashboard-progress-track{height:0.8rem}.iotclass-dashboard-progress-track span,.iotclass-dashboard-meter-track span{display:block;height:100%;border-radius:inherit;background:#1865f2}.iotclass-dashboard-note{margin-top:0.55rem;font-size:0.88rem}.iotclass-dashboard-next-link:hover,.iotclass-dashboard-next-link:focus-visible{border-color:var(--flat-accent, #1865f2);outline:2px solid var(--flat-accent, #1865f2);outline-offset:2px}.iotclass-dashboard-ring{--path-progress: 0;border-radius:50%;background:radial-gradient(circle at center,var(--flat-surface, #ffffff) 0 55%,transparent 56%),conic-gradient(var(--ring-color) calc(var(--path-progress) * 1%),var(--flat-surface-muted, #f7f8fa) 0)}.iotclass-dashboard-ring::after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;border:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);border-radius:inherit}.iotclass-dashboard-ring span{position:relative;z-index:1;color:var(--flat-text, #21242c);font-size:0.82rem;font-weight:900}.iotclass-dashboard-streak-values div{border-right:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd)}.iotclass-dashboard-streak-values div:last-child{border-right:0}.iotclass-dashboard-columns{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,0.85fr) minmax(0,1.15fr);gap:1rem}.iotclass-dashboard-meter-row{margin-bottom:0.75rem}.iotclass-dashboard-meter-row:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.iotclass-dashboard-meter-track span{background:#0f5f55}.iotclass-dashboard-activity{display:grid;gap:0.6rem;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.iotclass-dashboard-activity li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:5.5rem minmax(0,1fr);gap:0.7rem;align-items:start;min-height:3rem;padding:0.6rem;border:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-md, 6px);background:var(--flat-surface-muted, #f7f8fa)}.iotclass-dashboard-actions{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr))}.iotclass-dashboard-actions a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-height:2.75rem;padding:0.55rem 0.75rem;border:1px solid var(--flat-border-strong, #cfd4da);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-md, 6px);background:var(--flat-surface-muted, #f7f8fa);color:var(--flat-text, #21242c);font-weight:800;text-align:center;text-decoration:none}.iotclass-dashboard-actions a:hover,.iotclass-dashboard-actions a:focus-visible{border-color:var(--flat-accent, #1865f2);background:var(--flat-control-hover, #e7ebf0);outline:2px solid var(--flat-accent, #1865f2);outline-offset:2px}@media(max-width:900px){.iotclass-dashboard-hero,.iotclass-dashboard-focus-grid,.iotclass-dashboard-columns{grid-template-columns:1fr}.iotclass-dashboard-path-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}.iotclass-dashboard-stats{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}.iotclass-dashboard-stat:nth-child(3n){border-right:0}.iotclass-dashboard-stat:nth-child(n+4){border-top:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd)}}@media(max-width:640px){.iotclass-dashboard-shell{margin:0.75rem 0}.iotclass-dashboard-profile{align-items:flex-start}.iotclass-dashboard-avatar{width:3.25rem;height:3.25rem}.iotclass-dashboard-profile h2{font-size:1.35rem}.iotclass-dashboard-stats,.iotclass-dashboard-path-grid,.iotclass-dashboard-actions{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.iotclass-dashboard-stat:nth-child(3n){border-right:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd)}.iotclass-dashboard-stat:nth-child(2n){border-right:0}.iotclass-dashboard-stat:nth-child(n+3){border-top:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd)}.iotclass-dashboard-activity li{grid-template-columns:1fr}}@media(max-width:480px){.iotclass-dashboard-path-grid,.iotclass-dashboard-streak-values{grid-template-columns:1fr}.iotclass-dashboard-path-card{min-height:5.25rem}.iotclass-dashboard-streak-values div{border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd)}.iotclass-dashboard-streak-values div:last-child{border-bottom:0}}@media(max-width:767px){.module-bar-logo{display:none}.module-bar-separator{display:none}.module-bar-name{max-width:200px;font-size:0.82rem}.iotclass-user-status{padding:0.35rem 0.75rem}}@media(max-width:480px){.module-bar-name{display:none}.status-btn{padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-size:0.72rem}}.admin-image-container{position:relative;display:inline-block}.admin-image-panel{background:white;border-radius:10px;box-shadow:0 8px 32px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);min-width:280px;max-width:350px;z-index:10001;overflow:hidden}.image-panel-header{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;padding:0.75rem 1rem;background:#2c3e50;color:white;font-weight:500}.image-panel-close{background:none;border:none;color:white;font-size:1.25rem;cursor:pointer;padding:0;line-height:1}.image-panel-body{padding:1rem}.version-item.selected{background:#e8f8f5;border-color:#16a085}.add-version-form .form-group{margin-bottom:1rem}.add-version-form label{display:block;font-weight:500;font-size:0.9rem;color:#333;margin-bottom:0.35rem}.add-version-form input[type=text],.add-version-form select,.add-version-form textarea{width:100%;padding:0.6rem 0.8rem;border:1px solid #dee2e6;border-radius:6px;font-size:0.95rem;font-family:inherit}.add-version-form input:focus,.add-version-form select:focus,.add-version-form textarea:focus{outline:none;border-color:#16a085;box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(22,160,133,0.1)}.admin-source-indicator{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin-left:0.5rem;opacity:0;transition:opacity 0.2s ease;cursor:pointer;font-size:0.85em;padding:0.15rem 0.3rem;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #dee2e6;border-radius:4px;vertical-align:middle}h2:hover .admin-source-indicator,h3:hover .admin-source-indicator,h4:hover .admin-source-indicator,h5:hover .admin-source-indicator,.admin-source-indicator:hover{opacity:1}.admin-source-indicator:hover{background:#e9ecef;border-color:#adb5bd}.admin-source-panel{background:white;border-radius:10px;box-shadow:0 8px 32px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);min-width:260px;max-width:320px;z-index:10001;overflow:hidden}.source-panel-header{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;padding:0.6rem 0.75rem;background:#34495e;color:white;font-size:0.85rem;font-weight:500}.source-panel-close{background:none;border:none;color:white;font-size:1.1rem;cursor:pointer;padding:0;line-height:1}.source-panel-body{padding:0.75rem}.source-list{max-height:200px;overflow-y:auto}.source-item{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.5rem;padding:0.5rem;border:1px solid #eee;border-radius:6px;margin-bottom:0.4rem;transition:all 0.15s ease}.source-item:hover{background:#f8f9fa}.source-item.tagged{background:#e8f8f5;border-color:#16a085}.source-color{width:16px;height:16px;border-radius:3px;flex-shrink:0}.source-name{flex:1;font-size:0.9rem;color:#333}.source-toggle-btn{padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;font-size:0.75rem;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #dee2e6;border-radius:4px;cursor:pointer;transition:all 0.15s ease}.source-item.tagged .source-toggle-btn{background:#16a085;border-color:#16a085;color:white}.source-toggle-btn:hover{background:#e9ecef}.source-actions{margin-top:0.75rem;padding-top:0.75rem;border-top:1px solid #eee}.manage-sources-btn{width:100%;padding:0.5rem;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #dee2e6;border-radius:6px;color:#555;font-size:0.85rem;cursor:pointer;transition:all 0.15s ease}.manage-sources-btn:hover{background:#e9ecef;border-color:#adb5bd}.no-sources{text-align:center;color:#888;font-size:0.85rem;font-style:italic;padding:0.75rem 0}.source-tag-bar{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0.35rem;margin-bottom:0.75rem;padding-bottom:0.5rem;border-bottom:1px solid #eee}.source-tag{display:inline-block;padding:0.2rem 0.5rem;font-size:0.7rem;font-weight:500;color:white;border-radius:3px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.02em}.quick-source-menu{background:white;border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 4px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);min-width:180px;z-index:10002;overflow:hidden}.source-menu-header{padding:0.5rem 0.75rem;background:#f8f9fa;font-size:0.75rem;font-weight:500;color:#666;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.03em;border-bottom:1px solid #eee}.source-menu-item{padding:0.6rem 0.75rem;font-size:0.9rem;cursor:pointer;transition:background 0.1s ease}.source-menu-item:hover{background:#f0f0f0}.source-menu-cancel{color:#888;border-top:1px solid #eee;text-align:center}.source-management{max-height:60vh;overflow-y:auto}.source-list-manage{margin-bottom:1.5rem}.source-manage-item{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.75rem;padding:0.75rem;background:#f8f9fa;border-radius:6px;margin-bottom:0.5rem}.source-color-block{width:24px;height:24px;border-radius:4px;flex-shrink:0}.source-manage-item .source-name{flex:1;font-weight:500}.source-type{font-size:0.8rem;color:#888;text-transform:capitalize}.source-edit-btn,.source-delete-btn{padding:0.3rem 0.6rem;font-size:0.8rem;border:1px solid #ddd;border-radius:4px;background:white;cursor:pointer;transition:all 0.15s ease}.source-edit-btn:hover{background:#e8f8f5;border-color:#16a085}.source-delete-btn:hover{background:#fee;border-color:#e74c3c;color:#e74c3c}.add-source-section{padding-top:1rem;border-top:2px solid #eee}.add-source-section h4{margin:0 0 1rem 0;font-size:1rem;color:#333}.form-row{display:flex;gap:0.75rem;margin-bottom:0.75rem}.form-row input,.form-row select{flex:1;padding:0.5rem 0.75rem;border:1px solid #dee2e6;border-radius:6px;font-size:0.9rem}.form-row input:focus,.form-row select:focus{outline:none;border-color:#16a085}.source-color-input{width:50px!important;flex:0 0 50px!important;padding:0.25rem!important;cursor:pointer}.source-desc-input{width:100%;padding:0.5rem 0.75rem;border:1px solid #dee2e6;border-radius:6px;font-size:0.9rem;font-family:inherit;resize:vertical;margin-bottom:0.75rem}.add-source-btn{width:100%;padding:0.6rem;background:#16a085;border:none;border-radius:6px;color:white;font-size:0.95rem;cursor:pointer;transition:background 0.2s ease}.add-source-btn:hover{background:#138d75}.transfer-log-container{max-height:60vh;overflow-y:auto}.transfer-filters{display:flex;gap:0.75rem;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:1rem;padding:0.75rem;background:#f8f9fa;border-radius:6px}.transfer-list{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:0.5rem}.transfer-empty{text-align:center;padding:2rem;color:#888;font-style:italic}.transfer-log-actions{display:flex;gap:0.5rem;margin-top:1rem;padding-top:1rem;border-top:1px solid #eee}.transfer-action-btn.btn-danger{color:#dc3545}.transfer-action-btn.btn-danger:hover{background:#fee;border-color:#dc3545}.admin-tabs{display:flex;gap:0;margin-bottom:1rem;border-bottom:2px solid #eee}.admin-tab{padding:0.75rem 1.25rem;background:none;border:none;border-bottom:2px solid transparent;margin-bottom:-2px;color:#666;font-size:0.95rem;cursor:pointer;transition:all 0.15s ease}.admin-tab:hover{color:#333;background:#f8f9fa}.admin-tab.active{color:#16a085;border-bottom-color:#16a085;font-weight:500}.admin-tab-content{display:none}.admin-tab-content.active{display:block}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-container{margin:0.5rem 0}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-container .sidebar-item-text{color:var(--pc-text, #ffffff);padding:0.5rem 0.75rem;font-size:0.72rem;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.05em}.grid-container h3,.quick-links-grid h3{overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:break-word}.hub-catalog{margin:1.5rem 0 2rem;color:#1f2933}.hub-catalog__stats{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:0.75rem;margin-bottom:1rem}.hub-catalog__stat{border-left:4px solid #5c0000;background:#f6f8fa;padding:0.85rem 1rem}.hub-catalog__stat span{display:block;color:#52606d;font-size:0.78rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0.04em;text-transform:uppercase}.hub-catalog__stat strong{display:block;color:#102a43;font-size:1.55rem;line-height:1.15}.hub-catalog__controls{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(14rem,2fr) minmax(10rem,1fr) minmax(12rem,1.2fr);gap:0.75rem;align-items:end;margin-bottom:0.9rem}.hub-catalog__field span{display:block;margin-bottom:0.25rem;color:#334e68;font-size:0.82rem;font-weight:700}.hub-catalog__field input,.hub-catalog__field select{width:100%;min-height:2.5rem;border:1px solid #bcccdc;border-radius:6px;background:#fff;color:#102a43;font-size:0.95rem;line-height:1.25;padding:0.45rem 0.65rem}.hub-catalog__field input:focus,.hub-catalog__field select:focus{border-color:#0f766e;outline:3px solid rgba(15,118,110,0.18)}.hub-catalog__books{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0.45rem;margin-bottom:1rem}.hub-catalog__book{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:0.45rem;min-height:2.15rem;border:1px solid #d9e2ec;border-left:4px solid var(--hub-book-color, #2c3e50);border-radius:6px;background:#fff;color:#243b53;font-size:0.85rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2;padding:0.35rem 0.6rem;cursor:pointer}.hub-catalog__book:hover,.hub-catalog__book.is-active{background:#f0f7f7;border-color:var(--hub-book-color, #2c3e50)}.hub-catalog__book strong{color:#52606d;font-size:0.78rem}.hub-catalog__content{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(18rem,0.85fr);gap:1rem;align-items:start}.hub-catalog__panel{min-width:0}.hub-catalog__panel-heading{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:0.75rem;align-items:baseline;border-bottom:2px solid #e6edf3;margin-bottom:0.7rem;padding-bottom:0.35rem}.hub-catalog__panel-heading h3{margin:0;color:#102a43;font-size:1.05rem;line-height:1.25}.hub-catalog__panel-heading span{color:#52606d;font-size:0.82rem;font-weight:700;white-space:nowrap}.hub-catalog__part-list{display:grid;gap:0.65rem}.hub-catalog__part{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:0.75rem;border-left:4px solid var(--hub-part-color, #2c3e50);background:#f8fafc;padding:0.75rem 0.85rem}.hub-catalog__part-title{color:#0f4c81;font-weight:800;text-decoration:none}.hub-catalog__part-title:hover{color:#0f766e;text-decoration:underline}.hub-catalog__part p{margin:0.25rem 0 0;color:#52606d;font-size:0.88rem;line-height:1.35}.hub-catalog__part-meta{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:0.2rem;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:center;color:#52606d;font-size:0.78rem;text-align:right}.hub-catalog__part-meta strong{color:#243b53;font-size:0.85rem;white-space:nowrap}.hub-catalog__chapter-list{display:grid;gap:0.55rem;margin:0;padding-left:1.4rem}.hub-catalog__chapter-list li{padding-left:0.1rem}.hub-catalog__chapter-list a{color:#0f4c81;font-weight:800;text-decoration:none}.hub-catalog__chapter-list a:hover{color:#0f766e;text-decoration:underline}.hub-catalog__chapter-list span{display:block;color:#627d98;font-size:0.8rem;line-height:1.35}.hub-catalog__empty{margin:0;border-left:4px solid #829ab1;background:#f6f8fa;color:#334e68;padding:0.9rem 1rem}@media(max-width:900px){.hub-catalog__controls,.hub-catalog__content{grid-template-columns:1fr}}@media(max-width:640px){.hub-catalog__stats{grid-template-columns:1fr}.hub-catalog__part{grid-template-columns:1fr}.hub-catalog__part-meta{align-items:flex-start;text-align:left}}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-container .sidebar-item-toggle{color:var(--pc-text, #ffffff);background:transparent;border:none;border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.2)}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a:not([data-pc]){background:var(--pc-light, #f0f4f8);color:var(--pc-fg, #2c3e50);border-left:2px solid var(--pc-border, #5a7a9a);padding:0.15rem 0.4rem;border-radius:3px;display:block;line-height:1.3;font-weight:500;margin:0;text-decoration:none}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a:not([data-pc]):hover{background:var(--pc-main, #2c3e50);color:var(--pc-text, #ffffff);transform:translateX(2px);font-weight:600}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a:not([data-pc]).active{background:var(--pc-main, #2c3e50);color:var(--pc-text, #ffffff)!important;font-weight:600}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a:not([data-pc]).active .menu-text,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a:not([data-pc]).active .chapter-number,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a:not([data-pc]).active .chapter-title,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a:not([data-pc]).active span{color:var(--pc-text, #ffffff)!important}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item li:not([data-pc]){margin:0;padding:0}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a[data-pc]{font-weight:500;padding:0.15rem 0.4rem;margin:0;border-radius:3px;display:block;line-height:1.3;text-decoration:none;transition:transform 0.1s ease;background:var(--pc-light, #f0f4f8);color:var(--pc-fg, #2c3e50);border-left:2px solid var(--pc-border, #5a7a9a)}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a[data-pc]:hover{transform:translateX(2px);font-weight:600}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a[data-pc].active .menu-text,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a[data-pc].active .chapter-number,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a[data-pc].active .chapter-title,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a[data-pc].active span{color:var(--pc-text, #ffffff)!important}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a[data-pc] .menu-text,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a[data-pc] span{color:inherit}#quarto-sidebar li[data-pc]{margin:0;padding:0}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item-section[data-pc-section]{margin:0.5rem 0;padding:0}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item-section[data-pc-section]>.sidebar-item-container{display:flex;align-items:center;background:var(--pc-main, #2c3e50);border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;margin:0;padding:0}#quarto-sidebar [data-pc-header]{padding:0.5rem 0.75rem;display:block;flex:1;min-width:0;border-radius:0;font-size:0.72rem;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.05em;margin:0;text-decoration:none;background:transparent;color:var(--pc-text, #ffffff);white-space:normal;overflow:visible;text-overflow:clip;line-height:1.2}#quarto-sidebar [data-pc-header] .menu-text{color:inherit}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-container>.sidebar-item-text,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-container>a.sidebar-link,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-container .menu-text,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-part-title,.sidebar-part-title{color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--pc-main, #2c3e50) 48%,#111827)!important}#quarto-sidebar [data-pc-toggle]{background:transparent;color:var(--pc-text, #ffffff);border:none;border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.2);padding:0.5rem 0.6rem;flex-shrink:0;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item-section[data-pc-section]>.sidebar-item-container:hover{filter:brightness(1.1);box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.15)}.inline-knowledge-check{background:var(--flat-surface);border:1px solid var(--flat-border);border-left:3px solid var(--interactive-knowledge-check);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-lg);box-shadow:var(--flat-shadow);padding:1rem;margin:1.25rem 0;color:var(--flat-text);transition:border-color var(--transition-fast),background-color var(--transition-fast)}.inline-knowledge-check:hover{border-color:var(--flat-border-strong);border-left-color:var(--interactive-knowledge-check)}.ikc-header{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0.6rem;margin-bottom:0.9rem;padding-bottom:0.75rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--flat-border)}.ikc-icon{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:2rem;height:2rem;flex:0 0 2rem;border:1px solid var(--flat-border);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-md);background:var(--interactive-knowledge-check-soft);color:var(--interactive-knowledge-check-ink)}.ikc-icon svg{width:1.15rem;height:1.15rem;stroke:currentColor;fill:none;stroke-width:1.8;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}.ikc-title{font-size:var(--font-size-sm);font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold);color:var(--flat-text);flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;line-height:1.25}.ikc-xp{background:var(--interactive-knowledge-check-soft);color:var(--interactive-knowledge-check-ink);flex:0 0 auto;max-width:100%;padding:0.25rem 0.55rem;border:1px solid var(--flat-border);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-md);font-size:var(--font-size-xs);font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold);white-space:nowrap}.ikc-xp-earned{background:var(--interactive-knowledge-check-soft)!important;color:var(--interactive-knowledge-check-ink)!important}.ikc-xp-missed{background:var(--flat-surface-muted)!important;color:var(--flat-text-subtle)!important}.ikc-attempts{background:var(--flat-surface-muted);color:var(--flat-text-muted);padding:0.25rem 0.55rem;border:1px solid var(--flat-border);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-md);font-size:var(--font-size-xs);font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold);margin-right:auto}.ikc-mode-quiz .ikc-header{background:transparent;color:var(--flat-text)}.ikc-mode-quiz .ikc-title,.ikc-mode-quiz .ikc-attempts{color:inherit!important}.ikc-incorrect-attempt{border-color:var(--danger)!important;background:#fdeceb!important}.ikc-question{font-size:var(--font-size-base);color:var(--flat-text);margin-bottom:0.9rem;line-height:1.5}.ikc-options{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:0.55rem}.ikc-option{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.75rem;min-height:2.75rem;padding:0.65rem 0.75rem;background:var(--flat-surface);border:1px solid var(--flat-border);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-md);cursor:pointer;transition:background-color var(--transition-fast),border-color var(--transition-fast),color var(--transition-fast);text-align:left;font-size:var(--font-size-sm);color:var(--flat-text)}@media(hover:hover)and (pointer:fine){.ikc-option:hover:not(.ikc-disabled):not(.ikc-selected):not(.ikc-correct):not(.ikc-incorrect):not(.ikc-missed){border-color:var(--flat-accent)}}.ikc-option-letter{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:1.6rem;height:1.6rem;flex:0 0 1.6rem;border:1px solid var(--flat-border);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-md);background:var(--flat-surface-muted);color:var(--flat-text-muted);font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold);line-height:1}.ikc-option-text{flex:1}.ikc-disabled{cursor:default;opacity:1}.ikc-correct{border-color:var(--interactive-knowledge-check)!important;background:var(--interactive-knowledge-check-soft)!important}.ikc-correct .ikc-option-letter{background:var(--interactive-knowledge-check);border-color:var(--interactive-knowledge-check);color:#ffffff}.ikc-incorrect{border-color:var(--danger)!important;background:#fdeceb!important}.ikc-incorrect .ikc-option-letter{background:var(--danger);border-color:var(--danger);color:#ffffff}.ikc-feedback{margin-top:0.9rem;padding:0.7rem 0.8rem;border:1px solid var(--flat-border);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-md);background:var(--flat-surface-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-sm)}.ikc-feedback-parts{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(7rem,9rem) minmax(0,1fr);gap:0.3rem 0.7rem;margin:0.75rem 0 0;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.ikc-feedback-parts dt{font-weight:700}.ikc-feedback-parts dd{margin:0}.ikc-retry-panel,.ikc-revise-panel{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0.5rem;margin-top:0.75rem}.ikc-retry-panel p,.ikc-revise-panel p{flex-basis:100%;margin:0}.inline-knowledge-check[data-try-first-started=true] .ikc-feedback{border:0;background:transparent;padding:0}.ikc-retry-panel .ikc-reason{width:100%;min-height:2.75rem;font-size:var(--font-size-sm)}.ikc-reason,.ikc-skip-reason,.ikc-show-answer{padding:0.6rem 0.75rem;border:1px solid var(--flat-border);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-md);background:var(--flat-surface-muted);color:var(--flat-text);text-align:left;cursor:pointer}.ikc-skip-reason{min-height:2.75rem;margin-top:0.25rem;background:var(--flat-surface)}.ikc-corrective-note{margin-top:0.7rem;padding:0.55rem 0.7rem;border-radius:var(--flat-radius-md);background:var(--flat-surface-muted);color:var(--flat-text)}.ikc-try-changed{display:inline-block;min-height:2.75rem;margin-top:0.7rem;padding:0.55rem 0.9rem;border:1px solid var(--interactive-knowledge-check);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-md);background:var(--interactive-knowledge-check);color:#fff;font:inherit;font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold);cursor:pointer}.ikc-try-changed:hover{filter:brightness(0.9)}.ikc-reason:hover,.ikc-skip-reason:hover,.ikc-show-answer:hover{border-color:var(--interactive-knowledge-check)}.ikc-revise-panel .ikc-option{width:100%}@media(max-width:520px){.ikc-feedback-parts{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}}.ikc-result-correct{color:var(--interactive-knowledge-check-ink);font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold)}.ikc-result-incorrect{color:#9d2f24;font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold)}.ikc-explanation{margin-top:0.9rem;padding:0.75rem 0.8rem;background:var(--flat-surface-muted);border:1px solid var(--flat-border);border-left:3px solid var(--interactive-knowledge-check);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-md);font-size:var(--font-size-sm);color:var(--flat-text-muted)}.ikc-explanation summary{cursor:pointer;color:var(--flat-text);font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold)}.ikc-explanation-body{margin-top:0.5rem}.ikc-celebration{position:absolute;padding:0.25rem 0.5rem;border:1px solid var(--flat-border);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-md);background:var(--interactive-knowledge-check-soft);color:var(--interactive-knowledge-check-ink);font-size:var(--font-size-xs);font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold);pointer-events:none}.ikc-wrapper{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:1rem}.ikc-instruction{font-size:var(--font-size-sm);color:var(--flat-text-subtle);margin-bottom:0.6rem}.ikc-option.ikc-selected .ikc-checkbox{background:var(--flat-accent);border-color:var(--flat-accent)}.ikc-option.ikc-selected .ikc-checkbox::after{content:"✓"}.ikc-option.ikc-selected{border-color:var(--flat-accent);background:var(--flat-surface-muted)}.ikc-option.ikc-disabled.ikc-correct .ikc-checkbox{background:var(--interactive-knowledge-check);border-color:var(--interactive-knowledge-check)}.ikc-option.ikc-disabled.ikc-correct .ikc-checkbox::after{content:"✓"}.ikc-option.ikc-disabled.ikc-incorrect .ikc-checkbox{background:var(--danger);border-color:var(--danger)}.ikc-option.ikc-disabled.ikc-incorrect .ikc-checkbox::after{content:"✗"}.ikc-option.ikc-missed{border-color:var(--warning)!important;background:#fff6d6!important}.ikc-option.ikc-missed .ikc-checkbox{background:var(--warning);border-color:var(--warning)}.ikc-option.ikc-missed .ikc-checkbox::after{content:"!";font-weight:bold}.ikc-submit-btn{margin-top:0.65rem;min-height:var(--touch-target-min);padding:0.6rem 1rem;background:var(--interactive-knowledge-check);color:#ffffff;border:1px solid var(--interactive-knowledge-check);border-radius:var(--flat-radius-md);font-size:var(--font-size-sm);font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold);cursor:pointer;transition:background-color var(--transition-fast),border-color var(--transition-fast);align-self:flex-start}.ikc-submit-btn:hover:not(:disabled){background:var(--interactive-knowledge-check-ink);border-color:var(--interactive-knowledge-check-ink)}.ikc-submit-btn:disabled{background:var(--flat-surface-muted);border-color:var(--flat-border);color:var(--flat-text-subtle);cursor:not-allowed}.ikc-option:focus-visible,.ikc-submit-btn:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--flat-focus-ring);outline-offset:2px}@keyframes iotclass-toast-slide-in{from{transform:translateX(100%);opacity:0}to{transform:translateX(0);opacity:1}}@keyframes iotclass-toast-slide-out{from{transform:translateX(0);opacity:1}to{transform:translateX(100%);opacity:0}}@keyframes fadeInOut{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(20px)}15%{opacity:1;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(0)}85%{opacity:1;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(0)}100%{opacity:0;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-20px)}}@keyframes slideIn{from{transform:translateX(100%);opacity:0}to{transform:translateX(0);opacity:1}}@keyframes slideOut{from{transform:translateX(0);opacity:1}to{transform:translateX(100%);opacity:0}}.streak-indicator{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:4px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#ff6b35 0%,#f7931e 100%);color:white;padding:4px 10px;border-radius:15px;font-size:13px;font-weight:bold;margin-left:10px;cursor:pointer}.streak-flame{font-size:16px}.gamification-notification{position:static;width:min(100%,48rem);margin:1rem auto;background:white;border-radius:12px;box-shadow:0 4px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);padding:15px 20px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:15px;opacity:0;transform:none;transition:opacity 0.3s ease;z-index:auto}.gamification-notification.show{opacity:1}.badge-notification{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fef5e7 0%,#fcf3cf 100%);border:2px solid #f39c12}.xp-notification{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#e8f6f3 0%,#d5f4e6 100%);border:2px solid #27ae60;padding:10px 20px}.xp-amount{font-size:20px;font-weight:bold;color:#27ae60}.xp-reason{color:#666;font-size:13px;margin-left:10px}.challenge-notification{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#e8f6f3 0%,#d5f4e6 100%);border:2px solid #27ae60}.level-notification{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#e8daef 0%,#d2b4de 100%);border:2px solid #9b59b6}.gn-icon{font-size:36px}.gn-title{font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#666;letter-spacing:1px}.gn-name{font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;color:#2c3e50}.gn-desc{font-size:12px;color:#666}.gn-xp{font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;color:#27ae60;margin-top:5px}.daily-challenge-widget{position:fixed;bottom:20px;left:20px;background:white;border-radius:12px;box-shadow:0 4px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);width:280px;z-index:1000;overflow:hidden}.daily-challenge-widget.collapsed .dcw-content{display:none}.daily-challenge-widget.completed{border:2px solid #27ae60}.dcw-header{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:12px 15px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#3498db 0%,#2980b9 100%);color:white;cursor:pointer}.dcw-icon{font-size:20px}.dcw-title{flex:1;font-weight:bold}.dcw-toggle{font-size:12px;transition:transform 0.3s}.collapsed .dcw-toggle{transform:rotate(-90deg)}.dcw-content{padding:15px}.dcw-name{font-weight:bold;color:#2c3e50;margin-bottom:5px}.dcw-desc{font-size:13px;color:#666;margin-bottom:10px}.dcw-progress-bar{background:#eee;border-radius:10px;height:10px;overflow:hidden}.dcw-progress-fill{background:linear-gradient(90deg,#3498db,#2980b9);height:100%;transition:width 0.5s ease}.completed 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#e5e7eb}.icq-check-btn{background:#2c3e50;color:#ffffff;border:none;border-radius:6px;padding:8px 24px;font-size:0.9rem;font-weight:600;cursor:pointer;transition:background 0.2s,opacity 0.2s}.icq-check-btn:hover:not(:disabled){background:#16a085}.icq-check-btn:disabled{opacity:0.5;cursor:not-allowed}.icq-blank-select:focus-visible,.icq-check-btn:focus-visible{outline:3px solid rgba(137,180,250,0.42);outline-offset:2px}.icq-feedback{padding:12px 16px;font-size:0.95rem;border-top:1px solid #e5e7eb}.icq-result-correct{color:#16a085;font-weight:600}.icq-result-incorrect{color:#e74c3c;font-weight:600}.icq-explanation{padding:12px 16px;background:#f0fdf4;border-top:1px solid #bbf7d0;font-size:0.9rem;color:#166534;line-height:1.5}.icq-celebration{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);font-size:3rem;animation:icq-celebrate 1.5s ease-out forwards;pointer-events:none;z-index:10}@keyframes icq-celebrate{0%{opacity:1;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(0.5)}50%{opacity:1;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1.3)}100%{opacity:0;transform:translate(-50%,-80%) scale(1)}}.icq-error{padding:20px;background:#fef3f2;border:1px solid #fca5a5;border-radius:8px;color:#991b1b;text-align:center}@media(max-width:600px){.icq-header{flex-wrap:wrap}.icq-code-container{overflow-x:hidden}.icq-code-block{width:100%;min-width:0}.icq-line{align-items:flex-start;padding-right:8px;overflow-x:visible}.icq-line-num{width:32px;min-width:32px;padding-right:8px;margin-right:8px}.icq-line-content{width:100%;min-width:0;word-break:break-word}.icq-blank-select{display:block;width:100%;min-width:0;max-width:100%;margin:2px 0}}.iot-quiz-label{border:2px solid #e5e7eb;border-radius:12px;padding:0;margin:1.5rem 0;background:#ffffff;overflow:hidden;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,sans-serif}.ilq-header{display:flex;align-items:center;padding:12px 20px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#2c3e50 0%,#34495e 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#e5e7eb;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;background:#f9fafb}.ilq-diagram-image{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}.ilq-hotspot{position:absolute;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);width:32px;height:32px;border-radius:50%;background:#e74c3c;border:3px solid white;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(231,76,60,0.4);cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;transition:all 0.2s ease;z-index:2;padding:0}.ilq-hotspot:hover{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1.15);box-shadow:0 3px 12px rgba(231,76,60,0.5)}.ilq-hotspot-number{color:white;font-size:0.8rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1}.ilq-hotspot-selected{background:#3498db;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(52,152,219,0.4)}.ilq-hotspot-correct{background:#16a085!important;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(22,160,133,0.4)!important}.ilq-hotspot-incorrect{background:#e74c3c!important;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(231,76,60,0.5)!important}.ilq-hotspot-disabled{cursor:default;pointer-events:none}@keyframes ilq-pulse{0%,100%{box-shadow:0 2px 8px 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#d1d5db;border-radius:6px;font-size:0.9rem;color:#1f2937;background:white;cursor:pointer;transition:border-color 0.2s ease}.ilq-select:focus{outline:none;border-color:#3498db;box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(52,152,219,0.15)}.ilq-select:disabled{background:#f3f4f6;cursor:default;opacity:0.8}.ilq-selection-status{min-width:80px;font-size:0.85rem;display:flex;flex:0 1 44%;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:4px;line-height:1.4}.ilq-status-correct{color:#16a085;font-weight:600}.ilq-status-incorrect{color:#e74c3c;font-weight:600}.ilq-correct-answer{color:#16a085;font-size:0.8rem;font-weight:500;font-style:italic}.ilq-answer-why{color:#334155;font-size:0.82rem;font-weight:500}.ilq-actions{padding:12px 20px 16px;display:flex;gap:10px}.ilq-check-btn{padding:10px 24px;background:#2c3e50;color:white;border:none;border-radius:8px;font-size:0.95rem;font-weight:600;cursor:pointer;transition:all 0.2s ease}.ilq-check-btn:hover:not(:disabled){background:#34495e;transform:translateY(-1px);box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(44,62,80,0.3)}.ilq-check-btn:disabled{opacity:0.5;cursor:not-allowed}.ilq-hotspot:focus-visible,.ilq-select:focus-visible,.ilq-check-btn:focus-visible{outline:3px solid rgba(52,152,219,0.42);outline-offset:2px}.ilq-feedback{padding:12px 20px;margin:0 20px 12px;border-radius:8px;font-size:0.95rem;line-height:1.5}.ilq-result-correct{color:#065f46;background:#ecfdf5;display:block;padding:12px 16px;border-radius:8px;border:1px solid #a7f3d0;font-weight:500}.ilq-result-incorrect{color:#991b1b;background:#fef2f2;display:block;padding:12px 16px;border-radius:8px;border:1px solid #fecaca;font-weight:500}.ilq-explanation{padding:12px 20px;margin:0 20px 16px;background:#f0f9ff;border:1px solid #bae6fd;border-radius:8px;font-size:0.9rem;color:#1e3a5f;line-height:1.5}.ilq-celebration{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);font-size:3rem;animation:ilq-celebrate 1.5s ease-out forwards;pointer-events:none;z-index:10}@keyframes ilq-celebrate{0%{opacity:1;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(0.5)}50%{opacity:1;transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1.3)}100%{opacity:0;transform:translate(-50%,-80%) scale(1)}}@media(max-width:600px){.ilq-hotspot{width:26px;height:26px}.ilq-hotspot-number{font-size:0.7rem}.ilq-selection-row{flex-wrap:wrap}.ilq-select{min-width:0}.ilq-selection-status{flex:1 0 calc(100% - 38px);min-width:0;margin-left:38px}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.ikc-celebration,.imq-celebration,.ioq-celebration,.icq-celebration,.ilq-celebration,.ilq-hotspot:not(.ilq-hotspot-selected):not(.ilq-hotspot-correct):not(.ilq-hotspot-incorrect):not(.ilq-hotspot-disabled){animation:none!important}}.iot-video-embed{display:block;margin:1.5em 0;border:1px solid #d1d5db;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;background:#ffffff;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,sans-serif}.ivid-header{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:10px 16px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#2c3e50 0%,#34495e 100%);color:#ffffff;font-size:0.9rem;font-weight:600}.ivid-icon{flex:0 0 auto;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.46);border-radius:999px;padding:0.14rem 0.45rem;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.12);font-size:0.62rem;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:0.08em;line-height:1.1;text-transform:uppercase}.ivid-title{flex-grow:1;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.ivid-description{padding:10px 16px;margin:0;font-size:0.9rem;color:#4b5563;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e7eb;line-height:1.5}.ivid-container{position:relative;width:100%;padding-bottom:56.25%;background:#000000}.ivid-placeholder{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.ivid-placeholder:focus{outline:2px solid #16a085;outline-offset:-2px}.ivid-play-btn{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transition:transform 0.2s ease,opacity 0.2s ease;opacity:0.9;z-index:1}.ivid-placeholder:hover .ivid-play-btn{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1.1);opacity:1}.ivid-play-btn svg{display:block;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.3))}.ivid-iframe{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:none}.ivid-fallback{padding:10px 16px;text-align:center;font-size:0.85rem;background:#f9fafb;border-top:1px solid #e5e7eb}.ivid-fallback a{color:#16a085;text-decoration:underline;font-weight:500}.ivid-fallback a:hover{color:#0e7c61}@media(max-width:600px){.ivid-header{padding:8px 12px;font-size:0.8rem}.ivid-description{padding:8px 12px;font-size:0.8rem}}body.iotclass-homepage,body.iotclass-modules-landing{--landing-bg: var(--flat-surface, #ffffff);--landing-surface: var(--flat-surface, #ffffff);--landing-surface-hover: var(--flat-surface-hover, #f7f8fa);--landing-border: var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);--landing-text: var(--flat-text, #21242c);--landing-muted: var(--flat-text-muted, #475774);--landing-subtle: var(--flat-text-subtle, #646b7a);--landing-accent: var(--flat-accent, #1865f2);--landing-content-width: 1120px;background:var(--landing-bg);color:var(--landing-text)}body.iotclass-homepage{--landing-bg: var(--flat-surface, #ffffff);--landing-surface: var(--flat-surface, #ffffff);--landing-surface-hover: var(--flat-surface-hover, #f7f8fa);--landing-border: var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);--landing-text: var(--flat-text, #21242c);--landing-muted: var(--flat-text-muted, #475774);--landing-subtle: var(--flat-text-subtle, #646b7a);--landing-accent: var(--flat-accent, #1865f2);--landing-content-width: 1120px;background:var(--landing-bg)}body.iotclass-homepage #quarto-header,body.iotclass-homepage #title-block-header,body.iotclass-homepage footer.footer,body.iotclass-homepage .iotclass-user-status,body.iotclass-homepage #content-flag-btn,body.iotclass-homepage #content-flag-modal,body.iotclass-modules-landing #quarto-header,body.iotclass-modules-landing #title-block-header,body.iotclass-modules-landing footer.footer,body.iotclass-modules-landing .iotclass-user-status,body.iotclass-modules-landing #content-flag-btn,body.iotclass-modules-landing #content-flag-modal{display:none!important}body.iotclass-homepage .page-layout-custom,body.iotclass-homepage #quarto-content,body.iotclass-modules-landing .page-layout-custom,body.iotclass-modules-landing #quarto-content{max-width:100%!important;width:100%!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important;background:transparent}body.iotclass-homepage #quarto-content,body.iotclass-modules-landing #quarto-content{gap:0}body.iotclass-homepage .skip-link:not(:focus):not(:focus-visible),body.iotclass-modules-landing .skip-link:not(:focus):not(:focus-visible){top:-120px}body.iotclass-homepage .landing-navbar,body.iotclass-modules-landing .landing-navbar{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0,1fr) auto;align-items:center;gap:20px;min-height:56px;padding:10px 28px;background:var(--landing-bg);border-bottom:1px solid var(--landing-border);font-size:16px}body.iotclass-homepage .landing-navbar{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:1000;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.96)}body.iotclass-modules-landing .landing-navbar{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:1000;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.96)}body.iotclass-modules-landing{overflow-x:clip}body.iotclass-modules-landing .landing-navbar,body.iotclass-modules-landing .construction-banner{width:100vw;margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw)}body.iotclass-modules-landing .landing-navbar{padding:10px 28px}body.iotclass-homepage .landing-nav-logo,body.iotclass-modules-landing .landing-nav-logo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-width:44px;min-height:44px;line-height:0;text-decoration:none}body.iotclass-homepage .landing-nav-logo img,body.iotclass-modules-landing .landing-nav-logo img{display:block;width:auto;height:34px;border-radius:4px!important;box-shadow:none!important}body.iotclass-homepage .landing-nav-toggle,body.iotclass-modules-landing .landing-nav-toggle{display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:44px;height:44px;border:1px solid var(--landing-border);border-radius:6px;background:#ffffff;color:var(--landing-text);cursor:pointer}body.iotclass-homepage .landing-nav-toggle:hover,body.iotclass-modules-landing .landing-nav-toggle:hover{border-color:#c7c9cc;background:#f7f8fa}body.iotclass-homepage .landing-nav-toggle:focus-visible,body.iotclass-modules-landing .landing-nav-toggle:focus-visible{outline:3px solid rgba(24,101,242,0.28);outline-offset:2px}body.iotclass-homepage .landing-nav-toggle-lines,body.iotclass-homepage .landing-nav-toggle-lines::before,body.iotclass-homepage .landing-nav-toggle-lines::after,body.iotclass-modules-landing 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ease}body.iotclass-homepage .landing-nav-login-btn{border:1px solid #cfd4da;background:#f1f3f5;color:var(--landing-text)}body.iotclass-homepage .landing-nav-login-btn:hover,body.iotclass-modules-landing .landing-nav-login-btn:hover{background:#e7ebf0}body.iotclass-homepage .landing-nav-login-btn:hover{background:#e7ebf0}body.iotclass-homepage .construction-banner,body.iotclass-modules-landing .construction-banner{width:100%;padding:8px 20px;border-bottom:1px solid #d8dee5;background:#f3f6f8;color:#334155;text-align:center;font-size:13px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.45}body.iotclass-homepage .construction-banner-label{margin-right:10px;font-weight:800}body.iotclass-modules-landing .construction-banner-label{margin-right:10px;font-weight:800}body.iotclass-homepage .content-block{max-width:var(--landing-content-width);margin:0 auto;padding:0 30px;overflow-x:clip;overflow-y:visible}body.iotclass-homepage .hero-banner{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;padding-top:25px;padding-bottom:30px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center}body.iotclass-homepage .hero-banner:first-of-type{padding-top:58px;padding-bottom:48px}body.iotclass-homepage .hero-banner h1{margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:40px;padding-left:0!important;border:none!important;background:transparent!important;color:var(--landing-text);font-size:56px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2}body.iotclass-homepage .hero-banner h1{margin-bottom:24px;font-size:clamp(42px,7vw,72px);letter-spacing:0}body.iotclass-homepage .hero-banner h1::before,body.iotclass-homepage .gallery-header::before{content:none;display:none}body.iotclass-homepage .hero-banner p{max-width:75%;margin:0 auto 40px;color:var(--landing-muted);font-size:20px;line-height:1.6}body.iotclass-homepage .landing-home-cta-row{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:16px;flex-wrap:wrap}body.iotclass-homepage 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.btn-action::after,body.iotclass-homepage .gallery-card::after,body.iotclass-homepage .mastery-card::after,body.iotclass-homepage .platform-card::after,.site-footer a::after,body.iotclass-modules-landing .landing-navbar a::after,body.iotclass-modules-landing .part-card::after,.site-footer a::after{content:none!important;display:none!important}body.iotclass-homepage #continue-reading-container{max-width:var(--landing-content-width);margin:20px auto;padding:0 20px}body.iotclass-homepage .iot-continue-card{padding:clamp(20px,3vw,30px);border:1px solid #b7cfd1;border-radius:18px;background:#f4fbf9;color:#17333d;box-shadow:0 8px 24px #17333d12}body.iotclass-homepage .iot-continue-card__heading{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px}body.iotclass-homepage #quarto-document-content .iot-continue-card h2{margin:0;margin-top:0!important;color:#17333d;font-size:clamp(1.35rem,2vw,1.7rem)}body.iotclass-homepage .iot-continue-card__clear{padding:6px 10px;border:1px solid #648891;border-radius:8px;background:transparent;color:#274953;cursor:pointer}body.iotclass-homepage .iot-continue-card__clear:focus-visible,body.iotclass-homepage .iot-continue-card a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #156f79;outline-offset:3px}body.iotclass-homepage .iot-continue-card__module{margin:14px 0 4px;color:#536e74}body.iotclass-homepage .iot-continue-card__primary{font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:700}body.iotclass-homepage .iot-continue-card__more{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 24px;margin:16px 0 0;padding:14px 0 0;border-top:1px solid #cfddde;list-style:none}body.iotclass-homepage .iot-continue-card__more li{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:3px;min-width:0}body.iotclass-homepage .iot-continue-card__more span{color:#536e74;font-size:.85rem}body.iotclass-homepage .platform-section{--segment-accent: var(--landing-accent);--segment-tint: #f3f8fc;--platform-accent: var(--segment-accent);max-width:var(--landing-content-width);margin:56px auto;padding:0 30px}body.iotclass-homepage .platform-section--intro{margin-top:26px}body.iotclass-homepage .segment-orient{--segment-accent: #546e7a;--segment-tint: #eef3f5}body.iotclass-homepage .segment-learn{--segment-accent: #8b0000;--segment-tint: #f9ecec}body.iotclass-homepage .segment-practice{--segment-accent: #1976d2;--segment-tint: #eaf2fc}body.iotclass-homepage .segment-books{--segment-accent: #9a6f00;--segment-tint: #fff8db}body.iotclass-homepage .segment-design{--segment-accent: #546e7a;--segment-tint: #eef3f5}body.iotclass-homepage .platform-section-header{max-width:780px;margin:0 auto 24px;text-align:center}body.iotclass-homepage .platform-kicker,body.iotclass-homepage .platform-card-kicker{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;width:fit-content;border-left:3px solid var(--platform-accent, var(--landing-accent));padding-left:9px;color:var(--platform-accent, var(--landing-accent));font-size:0.75rem;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:uppercase}body.iotclass-homepage 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.learning-step-title{align-self:center;color:var(--landing-text);font-size:1rem;font-weight:800}body.iotclass-homepage .learning-step-copy{grid-column:1 / -1;color:var(--landing-muted);font-size:0.92rem;line-height:1.5}body.iotclass-homepage .platform-grid{display:grid;gap:18px}body.iotclass-homepage .platform-grid--three{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}body.iotclass-homepage .platform-card,body.iotclass-homepage .platform-feature-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:230px;padding:22px;border:1px solid var(--landing-border);border-top:4px solid var(--platform-accent, var(--landing-accent));border-radius:8px;background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--segment-tint, #f8fafc) 0%,var(--landing-surface) 78%);color:inherit;text-align:left;text-decoration:none!important;transition:background-color 0.18s ease,border-color 0.18s ease,transform 0.18s ease}body.iotclass-homepage 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.platform-card--static:hover{transform:none;border-color:var(--landing-border);background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--segment-tint, #f8fafc) 0%,var(--landing-surface) 78%)}body.iotclass-homepage .platform-section--split{margin-top:42px}body.iotclass-homepage .platform-feature-card{min-height:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.5fr) minmax(220px,0.85fr);align-items:center;gap:24px}body.iotclass-homepage .platform-feature-list{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:10px}body.iotclass-homepage .platform-feature-list span{border:1px solid #d9dee5;border-radius:6px;background:#f7f8fa;color:var(--landing-text);font-size:0.84rem;font-weight:700;padding:10px 12px;text-align:center}body.iotclass-homepage .gallery-section{--gallery-accent: var(--segment-accent);padding:40px 20px 0;text-align:center}body.iotclass-homepage .gallery-header{margin:0 0 10px;padding-bottom:0;border-bottom:0;color:var(--landing-text);font-size:2rem;font-weight:700}body.iotclass-homepage .gallery-subheader{max-width:600px;margin:0 auto;color:var(--landing-muted);font-size:1.1rem}body.iotclass-homepage .gallery-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(200px,1fr));gap:20px;max-width:100%;margin:34px auto 0;padding:0}body.iotclass-homepage .gallery-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:220px;padding:24px;border:1px solid var(--landing-border);border-top:4px solid var(--gallery-accent, var(--segment-accent));border-radius:8px;background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--segment-tint, #f8fafc) 0%,var(--landing-surface) 78%);color:inherit;text-align:left;text-decoration:none!important;transition:background-color 0.18s ease,border-color 0.18s ease,transform 0.18s ease}body.iotclass-homepage .gallery-card:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);border-color:#c7c9cc;background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--segment-tint, #f8fafc) 0%,var(--landing-surface-hover) 100%)}body.iotclass-homepage .gallery-card *{pointer-events:none}body.iotclass-homepage .gallery-icon{align-self:flex-start;margin-bottom:18px;padding-left:10px;border-left:4px solid currentColor;color:var(--gallery-accent, var(--landing-accent))!important;font-size:14px;font-weight:800;line-height:1.2}body.iotclass-homepage .gallery-title{margin:0 0 12px;color:var(--landing-text);font-size:20px;font-weight:700}body.iotclass-homepage .gallery-description{flex-grow:1;margin:0 0 15px;color:var(--landing-muted);font-size:15px;line-height:1.6}body.iotclass-homepage .gallery-count{padding-left:10px;margin-bottom:15px;border-left:3px solid var(--gallery-accent, var(--landing-accent));color:var(--landing-text);font-size:14px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:uppercase}body.iotclass-homepage .gallery-link{margin-top:auto;color:var(--gallery-accent, var(--landing-accent));font-size:16px;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none}body.iotclass-homepage .mastery-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;max-width:100%;margin:2rem auto 0;padding:0}body.iotclass-homepage .mastery-grid p{display:contents}body.iotclass-homepage .mastery-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:flex-start;min-height:140px;padding:1.25rem;border:1px solid var(--landing-border);border-left:5px solid var(--card-accent, var(--segment-accent));border-radius:8px;background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--card-tint, var(--segment-tint)) 0%,#ffffff 85%);text-align:left;text-decoration:none;transition:background-color 0.18s ease,border-color 0.18s ease,transform 0.18s ease}body.iotclass-homepage .mastery-card:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);border-color:#c7c9cc;background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--card-tint, var(--segment-tint)) 0%,var(--landing-surface-hover) 100%)}body.iotclass-homepage .mastery-title{margin-bottom:8px;color:var(--landing-text);font-size:16px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.3}body.iotclass-homepage .mastery-desc{color:var(--landing-muted);font-size:13px;line-height:1.5}body.iotclass-modules-landing .modules-container{max-width:1400px;margin:0 auto;padding:20px 30px 50px}body.iotclass-modules-landing .module-section{margin-bottom:25px}body.iotclass-modules-landing .module-header{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin-bottom:12px;padding-bottom:8px;border-bottom:2px solid var(--module-color, var(--landing-accent))}body.iotclass-modules-landing .module-header h2{margin:0;color:var(--landing-text)!important;font-size:1.1rem;font-weight:600}body.iotclass-modules-landing .module-badge{padding:2px 10px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--module-badge-bg, var(--module-color, var(--landing-accent)));color:var(--module-text, #ffffff);font-size:0.7rem;font-weight:600}body.iotclass-modules-landing .module-desc{margin-left:auto;color:var(--landing-subtle);font-size:0.8rem;font-style:italic}body.iotclass-modules-landing 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8%,var(--ds-surface))}.iot-photo-carousel__arrow:focus-visible,.iot-photo-carousel__dot:focus-visible{outline:3px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--ds-accent) 42%,white);outline-offset:2px}.iot-photo-carousel__dots{display:flex;min-width:0;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:0.1rem}.iot-photo-carousel__dot{position:relative;width:44px;min-width:44px;height:44px;padding:0;border:0;border-radius:999px;background:transparent;cursor:pointer}.iot-photo-carousel__dot::before{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;width:10px;height:10px;border:2px solid var(--ds-line-strong);border-radius:999px;background:var(--ds-surface);content:"";transform:translate(-50%,-50%)}.iot-photo-carousel__dot[aria-current]::before{border-color:var(--ds-accent);background:var(--ds-accent)}@media(max-width:480px){.iot-photo-carousel__controls{gap:0.25rem}.iot-photo-carousel__arrow{padding-inline:0.65rem}.iot-photo-carousel__arrow span:not([aria-hidden=true]){position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);clip-path:inset(50%);white-space:nowrap}.iot-photo-carousel__dot{width:36px;min-width:36px}}.inline-knowledge-check,iot-knowledge-check.inline-knowledge-check{background:var(--ds-surface-alt)!important;border:1px solid var(--ds-line)!important;border-radius:var(--ds-radius)!important;box-shadow:none!important}.inline-knowledge-check .ikc-option:not(.ikc-selected):not(.ikc-correct):not(.ikc-incorrect):not(.ikc-missed){border:1px solid var(--ds-line)!important;box-shadow:none!important}@media(hover:hover)and (pointer:fine){.inline-knowledge-check .ikc-option:hover:not(.ikc-disabled):not(.ikc-selected):not(.ikc-correct):not(.ikc-incorrect):not(.ikc-missed){border-color:var(--flat-accent)!important}}.wearable-battery-results,.wearable-battery-results *{color:#fff!important}#quarto-document-content table{border:1px solid var(--ds-line)!important;border-radius:var(--ds-radius-sm);width:auto!important;max-width:100%!important;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box;justify-self:stretch;overflow-x:auto;overscroll-behavior-inline:contain;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;display:block}#quarto-document-content thead th{background:var(--ds-surface-alt)!important;color:var(--ds-ink)!important;border-bottom:2px solid var(--ds-line-strong)!important}#quarto-document-content td,#quarto-document-content th{border-color:var(--ds-line)!important}@supports (animation-timeline: scroll(nearest inline)){#quarto-document-content table:not(:where(.observablehq *,.cell-output-display *,iot-knowledge-check *,.inline-knowledge-check *,.iot-table-scroll *,.iot-lab-table-scroll *,.access-table-scroll *,.wiring-map *)){position:relative}#quarto-document-content table:not(:where(.observablehq *,.cell-output-display *,iot-knowledge-check *,.inline-knowledge-check *,.iot-table-scroll *,.iot-lab-table-scroll *,.access-table-scroll *,.wiring-map *))::after{content:"scroll →";position:absolute;inset-block-start:0;inset-inline-end:0;box-sizing:border-box;width:4.5rem;height:100%;padding:.3rem .35rem;text-align:right;font:600 .72rem/1.3 system-ui,sans-serif;color:var(--ds-ink, #243746);background:linear-gradient(to right,transparent,var(--ds-surface, #fff) 100%);pointer-events:none;opacity:0;animation:iot-table-scroll-cue linear;animation-timeline:scroll(nearest inline)}@keyframes iot-table-scroll-cue{0%{opacity:1}100%{opacity:0}}}#quarto-document-content td,#quarto-document-content th{hyphens:auto}#quarto-document-content [class*=-ledger]>div,#quarto-document-content .apps-depth-grid>div{hyphens:auto}#quarto-document-content pre,#quarto-document-content code{background:var(--ds-surface-alt)!important;border:1px solid var(--ds-line)!important;border-radius:var(--ds-radius-sm)!important}iot-depth{--part-color: var(--pc-main, #546e7a);--module-color: var(--pc-main, #546e7a);--flat-surface: #ffffff;--flat-border: var(--ds-line);--flat-text: var(--ds-ink);--iot-depth-layer-bg: #ffffff;--iot-depth-layer-border: var(--ds-line);--iot-depth-layer-rail: var(--pc-main, #546e7a)}#quarto-margin-sidebar .sidebar-toc-link{color:var(--ds-ink-faint)!important}#quarto-margin-sidebar .sidebar-toc-link.active{color:var(--ds-accent)!important;border-left-color:var(--ds-accent)!important}#quarto-margin-sidebar nav#TOC a.active .header-section-number,nav#TOC a.active .header-section-number{color:var(--ds-ink, #1f2937)!important}@media(min-width:1100px){body.docked .page-columns{grid-template-columns:[screen-start] 0px [screen-start-inset page-start] 325px [page-start-inset] 0px [body-start-outset] 0px [body-start] 1.5rem [body-content-start] 1fr [body-content-end] 1.5rem [body-end] 320px [body-end-outset] 0px [page-end-inset] 0px [page-end] 0px [screen-end-inset] 1rem [screen-end]!important}}.navbar,#quarto-header>nav.navbar,.navbar.navbar-expand-lg{background:#ffffff!important;background-image:none!important;border-top:3px solid var(--ds-accent)!important;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ds-line)!important;box-shadow:none!important}.navbar .navbar-title,.navbar .navbar-brand,.navbar a,.navbar .nav-link,.navbar .menu-text,.navbar-brand-container,.navbar .quarto-navbar-tools a{color:var(--ds-ink)!important}.navbar a:hover,.navbar .nav-link:hover,.navbar .navbar-brand:hover{color:var(--ds-accent)!important}.navbar #quarto-search input,.navbar .aa-Input,.navbar .aa-DetachedSearchButton{background:var(--ds-surface-alt)!important;color:var(--ds-ink-soft)!important;border:1px solid var(--ds-line)!important;border-radius:999px!important}.navbar .navbar-logo{filter:none!important}.iotclass-user-status{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--ds-accent) 50%,black)!important;background-image:none!important;color:#ffffff!important;border-top:none!important;border-bottom:1px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--ds-accent) 42%,black)!important;box-shadow:none!important}.iotclass-user-status a,.iotclass-user-status span,.iotclass-user-status .menu-text,.iotclass-user-status button,.iotclass-user-status .nav-link,.iotclass-user-status .navbar-title,.iotclass-user-status .navbar-brand{color:#ffffff!important}.iotclass-user-status a:hover,.iotclass-user-status button:hover{color:#ffffff!important;opacity:0.82}.iotclass-user-status .status-login-btn.iotclass-auth-trigger{background:#ffffff!important;border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.85)!important;color:#1f2933!important;opacity:1}.iotclass-user-status .status-login-btn.iotclass-auth-trigger:hover,.iotclass-user-status .status-login-btn.iotclass-auth-trigger:focus-visible{background:#f7f9fb!important;color:#111827!important;opacity:1;outline:3px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.82);outline-offset:2px}.iotclass-user-status .user-badge,.iotclass-user-status [class*=badge],.iotclass-user-status [class*=status-chip]{background:#ffffff!important;color:#1f2933!important;border-radius:999px!important;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.85)!important}.iotclass-user-status .user-status-badge .status-icon,.iotclass-user-status .user-status-badge .status-text,.iotclass-user-status .user-status-badge .status-text strong{color:#1f2933!important}.iotclass-user-status #quarto-search input,.iotclass-user-status .aa-DetachedSearchButton{background:rgba(255,255,255,0.16)!important;color:#ffffff!important;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.3)!important;border-radius:999px!important}.iotclass-user-status #quarto-search input::placeholder,.iotclass-user-status .aa-DetachedSearchButton .aa-DetachedSearchButtonPlaceholder{color:rgba(255,255,255,0.82)!important}.navbar .aa-DetachedSearchButton{background:var(--ds-surface-alt)!important;color:var(--ds-ink-soft)!important;border:1px solid var(--ds-line)!important;border-radius:999px!important}.iotclass-user-status .module-bar-search{background:#ffffff!important;border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.85)!important;color:#1f2933!important}.iotclass-user-status .module-bar-search .module-bar-search-label,.iotclass-user-status .module-bar-search .bi,.iotclass-user-status .module-bar-search kbd{color:#1f2933!important}.iotclass-user-status .module-bar-search kbd{background:#eef2f7!important;border-color:#cbd5e1!important}.iotclass-profile-presence-avatar{box-shadow:none}#last-edited-banner,.last-edited-banner,.content-update-banner{background:var(--ds-surface-alt)!important;background-image:none!important;color:var(--ds-ink-soft)!important;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ds-line)!important;font-size:0.78rem!important;font-weight:500!important;box-shadow:none!important}#last-edited-banner a{color:var(--ds-ink-soft)!important}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-title,.sidebar-title,.sidebar-header,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-header,.sidebar-part-title{background:transparent!important;background-image:none!important;box-shadow:none!important;color:var(--ds-accent)!important;border:none!important}.sidebar-part-title{font-weight:700!important;padding:0.4rem 0.25rem 0.8rem!important;font-size:0.95rem!important}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a[data-pc],#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item-section[data-pc-section]{background:transparent!important;background-image:none!important;color:var(--ds-ink-soft)!important;box-shadow:none!important}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a[data-pc]:hover{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--ds-accent) 7%,white)!important;color:var(--ds-accent)!important}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item a[data-pc].active{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--ds-accent) 11%,white)!important;color:var(--ds-accent)!important;font-weight:600!important;box-shadow:inset 3px 0 0 var(--ds-accent)!important;border-radius:6px!important}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-container{background:transparent!important;background-image:none!important;box-shadow:none!important;border-radius:0!important}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-container>.sidebar-item-text,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-container>a.sidebar-link,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-container .menu-text{color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--pc-main, var(--ds-accent)) 58%,black)!important;font-weight:700!important;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.04em;font-size:0.74rem!important}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-container .sidebar-item-toggle,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-container i.bi,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-container .chevron-icon{color:var(--ds-ink-faint)!important;background:transparent!important}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-item-section>.sidebar-item-container:hover{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--pc-main, var(--ds-accent)) 7%,white)!important}#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-part-title,#quarto-sidebar .sidebar-title,.sidebar-part-title,.sidebar-title{color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--pc-main, var(--ds-accent)) 58%,black)!important}.feedback-fab,#feedback-button,.feedback-button{box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.12)!important}.iot-section-depth-toggle{display:flex;box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;margin:14px 0 18px;padding:12px;border:1px solid #d0d7de;border-radius:.9rem;background:#f7f8fa;min-height:105px}.iot-section-depth-toggle__heading{display:grid;min-width:10.5rem;flex:0 0 auto;gap:2px}.iot-section-depth-toggle__kicker{color:#3f4f5f;font-size:0.875rem;font-weight:850;letter-spacing:0.04em;line-height:1.2;text-transform:uppercase}.iot-section-depth-toggle__prompt{color:var(--ds-ink);font-size:1rem;font-weight:850;line-height:1.2}.iot-section-depth-toggle__controls{display:inline-flex;flex:1 1 auto;flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:6px;justify-content:flex-end;min-width:0}.iot-section-depth-toggle__button{display:inline-flex;flex:1 1 10rem;min-width:0;max-width:12.25rem;min-height:42px;align-items:center;gap:8px;border:1px solid #b8c2cc;border-radius:8px;padding:7px 10px;background:#ffffff;color:var(--ds-ink);cursor:pointer;font:inherit;text-align:left}.iot-section-depth-toggle__button[aria-checked=true]{border-color:#435563;background:#435563;color:#ffffff}.iot-section-depth-toggle__button[aria-disabled=true]{border-color:#ccd4dc;background:#f2f4f7;color:#71808d;cursor:not-allowed;opacity:0.82}.iot-section-depth-toggle__button:not([aria-checked=true]):not([aria-disabled=true]):hover{border-color:#8795a1;background:#eef2f5}.iot-section-depth-toggle__icon,.iot-section-depth-current__icon{display:inline-grid;width:24px;height:24px;flex:0 0 auto;place-items:center}.iot-section-depth-toggle__icon svg,.iot-section-depth-current__icon svg{width:20px;height:20px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:2}.iot-section-depth-toggle__text,.iot-section-depth-current__text{display:grid;gap:1px;min-width:0;white-space:nowrap}.iot-section-depth-toggle__text strong,.iot-section-depth-current__text strong{font-size:0.875rem;font-weight:850;line-height:1.1;overflow-wrap:normal;word-break:keep-all}.iot-section-depth-toggle__text span,.iot-section-depth-current__text span{color:currentColor;font-size:0.875rem;font-weight:650;line-height:1.2;opacity:0.82;overflow-wrap:normal;word-break:keep-all}.iot-section-depth-toggle__button:focus-visible{outline:3px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--ds-accent) 28%,transparent);outline-offset:2px}.iot-section-depth-current{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;width:fit-content;gap:8px;margin:0 0 0.9rem;color:#435563;font-size:0.86rem;line-height:1.2}section.depth-l2:not([data-iot-depth-visible=true]){display:none}html[data-iot-stored-depth=overview] section.depth-l1:not([data-iot-depth-visible=true]){display:none}body.iot-toc-hidden #quarto-margin-sidebar{display:none!important}#quarto-margin-sidebar li[data-iot-toc-depth="2"]{display:none}html[data-iot-stored-depth=overview] #quarto-margin-sidebar li[data-iot-toc-depth="1"]{display:none}html[data-iot-stored-depth=under-the-hood] #quarto-margin-sidebar li[data-iot-toc-depth="2"],body[data-iot-toc-depth="2"] #quarto-margin-sidebar li[data-iot-toc-depth]{display:list-item}body[data-iot-toc-depth="0"] #quarto-margin-sidebar li[data-iot-toc-depth="1"],body[data-iot-toc-depth="0"] #quarto-margin-sidebar li[data-iot-toc-depth="2"],body[data-iot-toc-depth="1"] #quarto-margin-sidebar li[data-iot-toc-depth="2"]{display:none}html:not([data-iot-stored-depth=overview]):not([data-iot-stored-depth=under-the-hood]) #quarto-margin-sidebar[data-iot-toc-sparse-l1=true],html[data-iot-stored-depth=overview] #quarto-margin-sidebar[data-iot-toc-sparse-l0=true],html[data-iot-stored-depth=under-the-hood] #quarto-margin-sidebar[data-iot-toc-sparse-l2=true]{display:none}#quarto-sidebar li.sidebar-item:not(.sidebar-item-section)>div.sidebar-item-container>a.sidebar-link:not(.iot-nav-link){display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.35rem;padding:0.25rem 0.45rem;min-height:2rem;box-sizing:border-box}#quarto-sidebar li.sidebar-item:not(.sidebar-item-section)>div.sidebar-item-container>a.sidebar-link:not(.iot-nav-link)::before{content:"";flex:0 0 calc(1rem + 0.38rem + 0.35rem + 1.5rem);height:1.5rem}.iotclass-user-status{min-height:3.25rem;box-sizing:border-box}#quarto-margin-sidebar nav#TOC li>a:not(.iot-toc-nav-link){display:inline-flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:0.25rem;padding:0.15rem 0.75rem 0.15rem 0.5rem;box-sizing:border-box}#quarto-margin-sidebar nav#TOC li>a:not(.iot-toc-nav-link)::before{content:"";flex:0 0 1.5rem;height:1.5rem}#quarto-sidebar a.iot-nav-link--map,.sidebar a.iot-nav-link--map{min-height:2rem;box-sizing:border-box}main.content div.sourceCode,main.content pre,#quarto-document-content div.sourceCode,#quarto-document-content pre{border:1px solid var(--ds-line-strong)!important;border-left:1px solid var(--ds-line-strong)!important;border-radius:var(--ds-radius-sm)!important;background:var(--ds-surface)!important;background-image:none!important;box-shadow:none!important}#quarto-document-content div.sourceCode{position:relative;overflow:auto!important}#quarto-document-content div.sourceCode::before{content:attr(data-code-lang);position:sticky;top:0.45rem;left:0.6rem;z-index:1;display:inline-flex;width:fit-content;margin:0.45rem 0 0 0.55rem;border:1px solid var(--ds-line);border-radius:999px;padding:0.12rem 0.45rem;background:#ffffff;color:var(--ds-ink-soft);font-size:0.68rem;font-weight:800;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:0.02em;text-transform:uppercase}#quarto-document-content div.sourceCode pre{border:0!important;background:transparent!important;box-shadow:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0.45rem 1rem 1rem!important}#quarto-document-content pre.astro-code span[style*="color:#E1E4E8" i]{color:#24292f!important}#quarto-document-content pre.astro-code span[style*="color:#F97583" i]{color:#b31d28!important}#quarto-document-content pre.astro-code span[style*="color:#B392F0" i]{color:#6639ba!important}#quarto-document-content pre.astro-code span[style*="color:#79B8FF" i]{color:#0550ae!important}#quarto-document-content pre.astro-code span[style*="color:#9ECBFF" i]{color:#0a3069!important}#quarto-document-content pre.astro-code span[style*="color:#6A737D" i]{color:#57606a!important}#quarto-document-content pre.astro-code span[style*="color:#FFAB70" i]{color:#7d3100!important}#quarto-document-content pre.astro-code span[style*="color:#85E89D" i]{color:#116329!important}#quarto-document-content pre.astro-code span[style*="color:#7F8C8D" i]{color:#57606a!important}#quarto-document-content div.sourceCode{scrollbar-width:auto;scrollbar-color:var(--ds-accent) var(--ds-surface-alt)}#quarto-document-content div.sourceCode::-webkit-scrollbar{height:11px}#quarto-document-content div.sourceCode::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background:var(--ds-surface-alt);border-radius:999px}#quarto-document-content div.sourceCode::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:var(--ds-accent);border-radius:999px;border:2px solid var(--ds-surface-alt)}#quarto-document-content mjx-container{scrollbar-width:thin;scrollbar-color:var(--ds-accent) var(--ds-surface-alt)}#quarto-document-content mjx-container::-webkit-scrollbar{height:7px}#quarto-document-content mjx-container::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background:var(--ds-surface-alt);border-radius:999px}#quarto-document-content mjx-container::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:var(--ds-accent);border-radius:999px}#quarto-document-content .physfn-card mjx-container,main.content .physfn-card mjx-container{background-image:linear-gradient(to right,#fff 0,rgba(255,255,255,0) 14px),linear-gradient(to left,#fff 0,rgba(255,255,255,0) 14px),linear-gradient(to right,rgba(57,107,131,0.55),rgba(57,107,131,0) 8px),linear-gradient(to left,rgba(57,107,131,0.55),rgba(57,107,131,0) 8px);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:left center,right center,left center,right center;background-size:14px 100%,14px 100%,8px 100%,8px 100%;background-attachment:local,local,scroll,scroll}#quarto-document-content .physfn-card mjx-container[display=true],main.content .physfn-card mjx-container[display=true]{font-size:88%!important}#quarto-document-content .physfn-grid,main.content .physfn-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(255px,1fr))}#quarto-document-content .physfn-grid>img:first-child,main.content .physfn-grid>img:first-child{display:block;width:88px;height:88px;padding:0.2rem;border:2px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--pc-main, #1f6f78) 42%,white);border-radius:50%!important;box-sizing:border-box;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.72);box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(23,42,48,0.18);object-fit:contain}@media(max-width:640px){#quarto-document-content .physfn-grid>img:first-child,main.content .physfn-grid>img:first-child{width:76px;height:76px}}#quarto-document-content pre>code.sourceCode{display:block!important;border:0!important;border-radius:0!important;background:transparent!important;box-shadow:none!important;padding:0!important;overflow:visible!important;white-space:pre!important}#quarto-document-content pre,#quarto-document-content pre code{overflow-wrap:normal!important;word-break:normal!important}#quarto-document-content .code-copy-button{border-radius:6px!important;background:#ffffff!important;color:var(--ds-ink-soft)!important}#quarto-document-content .callout div.sourceCode,#quarto-document-content [data-iot-panel-category] div.sourceCode{border:1px solid var(--ds-line-strong)!important;border-left:1px solid var(--ds-line-strong)!important;border-radius:6px!important;background:var(--ds-surface)!important}#quarto-document-content .callout div.sourceCode pre,#quarto-document-content [data-iot-panel-category] div.sourceCode pre{border:0!important;background:transparent!important}#quarto-document-content .callout div.sourceCode::before,#quarto-document-content [data-iot-panel-category] div.sourceCode::before{background:#ffffff}details.iot-code-disclosure{margin:1rem 0 1.25rem;border:0!important;background:transparent!important}details.iot-code-disclosure>summary{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;width:fit-content;min-height:2rem;border:0;border-radius:6px;padding:0.15rem 0.25rem;color:var(--ds-ink-soft);cursor:pointer;font-size:0.84rem;font-weight:750;line-height:1.3}details.iot-code-disclosure>summary:hover{color:var(--ds-accent);background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--ds-accent) 7%,white)}details.iot-code-disclosure[open]>summary{margin-bottom:0.55rem}[data-iot-panel-category=game]{--iot-panel-accent: var(--pc-main, var(--ds-accent))}[data-iot-panel-category=simulation]{--iot-panel-accent: var(--pc-main, var(--ds-accent))}[data-iot-panel-category=animation]{--iot-panel-accent: var(--pc-main, var(--ds-accent))}[data-iot-panel-category=foundation]{--iot-panel-accent: #5c6873;--iot-panel-tint: #eef1f3}[data-iot-panel-category=lab]{--iot-panel-accent: var(--pc-main, var(--ds-accent))}[data-iot-panel-category=hardware]{--iot-panel-accent: var(--pc-main, var(--ds-accent))}[data-iot-panel-category=check]{--iot-panel-accent: var(--pc-main, var(--ds-accent))}#quarto-document-content .callout[data-iot-panel-category],#quarto-document-content section[data-iot-panel-category]{border:1px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--iot-panel-accent) 24%,var(--ds-line))!important;border-left:4px solid var(--iot-panel-accent)!important;background:var( --iot-panel-tint, color-mix(in srgb, var(--iot-panel-accent) 10%, white) )!important}.iot-panel-icon{display:inline-grid;width:1.35rem;height:1.35rem;flex:0 0 auto;place-items:center;margin-right:0.45rem;color:var(--iot-panel-accent, var(--ds-accent));vertical-align:-0.25rem}.iot-panel-icon svg{width:1.1rem;height:1.1rem;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:2}.iot-lab-identity-band{--iot-lab-accent: #0f766e;display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0.7rem 1rem;margin:0.25rem 0 1.35rem;padding:0.65rem 0.8rem;border:1px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--iot-lab-accent) 22%,var(--ds-line));border-left:4px solid var(--iot-lab-accent);border-radius:8px;background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--iot-lab-accent) 9%,white);color:var(--ds-ink)}.iot-lab-identity-band__label,.iot-lab-identity-band__chips{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0.45rem}.iot-lab-identity-band__label{color:var(--iot-lab-accent);font-size:0.92rem;font-weight:800}.iot-lab-identity-band__icon,.iot-lab-nav-icon,.iot-lab-collection-nav-icon,.iot-nav-icon,.iot-toc-nav-icon{--iot-nav-icon-color: #475569;display:inline-grid;width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem;flex:0 0 auto;place-items:center;color:var(--iot-nav-icon-color, var(--iot-lab-accent, #0f766e))}.iot-lab-identity-band__icon svg,.iot-lab-nav-icon svg,.iot-lab-collection-nav-icon svg,.iot-nav-icon svg,.iot-toc-nav-icon svg{width:1rem;height:1rem;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:2}.iot-nav-icon--lab{--iot-nav-icon-color: var(--iot-lab-accent, #0f766e)}.iot-nav-icon--quiz{--iot-nav-icon-color: #475569}.iot-nav-icon--map{--iot-nav-icon-color: #2563eb}.iot-nav-icon--page{--iot-nav-icon-color: #94a3b8}.iot-lab-chip{display:inline-flex;min-height:1.55rem;align-items:center;padding:0.16rem 0.5rem;border:1px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--iot-lab-accent) 24%,var(--ds-line));border-radius:999px;background:white;color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--iot-lab-accent) 72%,var(--ds-ink));font-size:0.78rem;font-weight:750;line-height:1.2}.iot-lab-chip--advanced{border-color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--iot-lab-accent) 42%,var(--ds-line));background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--iot-lab-accent) 14%,white);color:#0b5c54}#quarto-sidebar a.iot-lab-nav-link,.sidebar a.iot-lab-nav-link,#quarto-sidebar a.iot-lab-collection-nav-link,.sidebar a.iot-lab-collection-nav-link,#quarto-sidebar a.iot-nav-link,.sidebar a.iot-nav-link,#quarto-margin-sidebar a.iot-toc-nav-link,#TOC a.iot-toc-nav-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:0.35rem}#quarto-margin-sidebar a.iot-toc-nav-link,#TOC a.iot-toc-nav-link{gap:0.25rem}#quarto-sidebar a.iot-lab-collection-nav-link,.sidebar a.iot-lab-collection-nav-link{--iot-lab-accent: #0f766e}@media(max-width:640px){.iot-lab-identity-band{align-items:flex-start}.iot-lab-identity-band__chips{width:100%}}#quarto-document-content .callout[data-iot-panel-category] .callout-icon-container[data-iot-panel-suppressed=true]{display:none!important}#quarto-document-content .iot-panel [style*=border-left],#quarto-document-content .callout [style*=border-left],#quarto-document-content .iot-panel [data-iot-panel-nested-bar-suppressed=true],#quarto-document-content .callout [data-iot-panel-nested-bar-suppressed=true]{border-left:0!important;border-left-width:0!important;border-left-color:transparent!important}#quarto-document-content .callout:has(:where(iot-knowledge-check,iot-matching-quiz,iot-ordering-quiz,iot-label-quiz,iot-code-quiz)),#quarto-document-content section.callout-question:has(:where(iot-knowledge-check,iot-matching-quiz,iot-ordering-quiz,iot-label-quiz,iot-code-quiz)){border:0!important;background:transparent!important;padding:0!important}.iot-kc-group-label{margin:1.2rem 0 0.45rem!important;color:var(--ds-ink);font-size:0.92rem;font-weight:800}iot-knowledge-check,iot-matching-quiz,iot-ordering-quiz,iot-label-quiz,iot-code-quiz,iot-knowledge-check.iot-kc-standard,iot-matching-quiz.iot-assessment-standard,iot-ordering-quiz.iot-assessment-standard,iot-label-quiz.iot-assessment-standard,iot-code-quiz.iot-assessment-standard,iot-knowledge-check.inline-knowledge-check,iot-knowledge-check.inline-knowledge-check.iot-kc-standard,.iot-quiz-matching.iot-assessment-standard,.iot-quiz-ordering.iot-assessment-standard,.iot-quiz-label.iot-assessment-standard,.iot-quiz-code.iot-assessment-standard{--iot-kc-accent: var(--ds-ink-faint, #7b8794);--iot-kc-accent-strong: color-mix(in srgb, var(--iot-kc-accent) 55%, black);--iot-kc-accent-tint: color-mix(in srgb, var(--iot-kc-accent) 8%, white);--iot-kc-line: color-mix(in srgb, var(--iot-kc-accent) 22%, var(--ds-line));display:block;margin:1.05rem 0 1.25rem;border:1px solid var(--iot-kc-line)!important;border-left:4px solid var(--iot-kc-accent)!important;border-radius:var(--ds-radius-sm)!important;background:var(--iot-kc-accent-tint)!important;box-shadow:none!important;overflow:hidden}iot-knowledge-check{padding:1rem}.iot-assessment-standard :where(.ikc-header,.imq-header,.ioq-header,.ilq-header,.icq-header){display:flex!important;align-items:center!important;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0.45rem 0.65rem;padding:0.72rem 0.95rem!important;background:var(--iot-kc-accent-tint)!important;color:var(--ds-ink)!important;border:0!important;border-bottom:1px solid var(--iot-kc-line)!important;border-radius:0!important}.iot-assessment-standard :where(.ikc-icon,.imq-icon,.ioq-icon,.ilq-icon,.icq-icon).iot-assessment-family-icon,.iot-assessment-variant-icon{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex:0 0 auto;width:1.45rem;height:1.45rem;border-radius:999px;background:var(--iot-kc-accent-strong)!important;color:#ffffff!important}.iot-assessment-standard :where(.ikc-icon,.imq-icon,.ioq-icon,.ilq-icon,.icq-icon).iot-assessment-family-icon svg,.iot-assessment-variant-icon svg{width:1rem;height:1rem;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}.iot-assessment-standard :where(.ikc-title,.imq-title,.ioq-title,.ilq-title,.icq-title){flex:0 0 auto!important;color:var(--ds-ink)!important;font-size:0.875rem!important;font-weight:800!important;letter-spacing:0!important}.iot-assessment-variant{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:0.35rem;min-width:0;flex:1 1 12rem;color:var(--ds-ink-soft);font-size:0.875rem;font-weight:650;line-height:1.25}.iot-assessment-variant-text{min-width:0;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.iot-assessment-standard :where(.ikc-xp,.imq-xp,.ioq-xp,.ilq-xp,.icq-xp){margin-left:auto!important;background:#ffffff!important;color:var(--iot-kc-accent-strong)!important;border:1px solid var(--iot-kc-line)!important;border-radius:999px!important;padding:0.2rem 0.58rem!important;font-size:0.875rem!important;font-weight:800!important;white-space:nowrap;transition:none!important}.iot-assessment-standard .icq-lang{background:#ffffff!important;color:var(--iot-kc-accent-strong)!important;border-color:var(--iot-kc-line)!important}.iot-assessment-standard :where(.ikc-instruction,.imq-instruction,.ioq-instruction,.ilq-instruction,.icq-instruction){color:var(--ds-ink-soft)!important}.iot-child-links{margin:1.6rem 0!important;border:1px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--ds-accent) 22%,var(--ds-line));border-left:4px solid var(--ds-accent);border-radius:var(--ds-radius-sm);padding:1rem 1.05rem;background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--ds-accent) 8%,white)}.iot-child-links>h2,.iot-child-links>h3,.iot-child-links>h4{margin-top:0!important;border-bottom:0!important;padding-bottom:0!important}.iot-child-links>h2::after,.iot-child-links>h3::after,.iot-child-links>h4::after{content:none!important}.iot-child-links ul{display:grid;gap:0.6rem;max-width:none!important;padding-left:0!important;list-style:none!important}.iot-child-links li{position:relative;max-width:none!important;padding-left:1.65rem}.iot-child-links li::before{content:"";position:absolute;top:0.55rem;left:0.2rem;width:0.62rem;height:0.62rem;border-top:2px solid var(--ds-accent);border-right:2px solid var(--ds-accent);transform:rotate(45deg)}#quarto-document-content .observablehq [style*="color:#3498DB"],#quarto-document-content .observablehq [style*="color: #3498DB"],#quarto-document-content .observablehq [style*="color:#3498db"],#quarto-document-content .observablehq [style*="color: #3498db"]{color:#1d5f8f!important}#quarto-document-content .observablehq [style*="color:#7F8C8D"],#quarto-document-content .observablehq [style*="color: #7F8C8D"],#quarto-document-content .observablehq [style*="color:#7f8c8d"],#quarto-document-content .observablehq [style*="color: #7f8c8d"]{color:#52606d!important}#quarto-document-content .observablehq [style*="color:#E67E22"],#quarto-document-content .observablehq [style*="color: #E67E22"],#quarto-document-content .observablehq [style*="color:#e67e22"],#quarto-document-content .observablehq [style*="color: #e67e22"]{color:#9a4d00!important}#quarto-document-content .observablehq [style*="color:#16A085"],#quarto-document-content .observablehq [style*="color: #16A085"],#quarto-document-content .observablehq [style*="color:#16a085"],#quarto-document-content .observablehq [style*="color: #16a085"]{color:#0b6f5f!important}@media(max-width:1280px)and (min-width:761px){.iot-section-depth-toggle{align-items:stretch;flex-direction:column;min-height:154px}.iot-section-depth-toggle__controls{justify-content:stretch}.iot-section-depth-toggle__button{max-width:none}}@media(max-width:760px){body.nav-sidebar:not(.iotclass-homepage):not(.iotclass-modules-landing) main.content,body.nav-sidebar:not(.iotclass-homepage):not(.iotclass-modules-landing) .page-columns main.content,body.docked:not(.iotclass-homepage):not(.iotclass-modules-landing) main.content,body.docked:not(.iotclass-homepage):not(.iotclass-modules-landing) .page-columns main.content,body.iot-section-depth-ready main.content,body.iot-section-depth-ready .page-columns main.content{grid-column:screen-start / screen-end!important;width:100%!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;padding-right:0.85rem!important;padding-left:0.85rem!important}body.nav-sidebar:not(.iotclass-homepage):not(.iotclass-modules-landing) #quarto-document-content,body.docked:not(.iotclass-homepage):not(.iotclass-modules-landing) #quarto-document-content,body.iot-section-depth-ready #quarto-document-content{width:100%!important;max-width:100%!important}.iot-section-depth-toggle{align-items:stretch;flex-direction:column;min-height:207px}.iot-section-depth-toggle__controls{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:stretch}.iot-section-depth-toggle__button{flex:1 1 8rem;max-width:none}}#quarto-sidebar a.iot-nav-link,.sidebar a.iot-nav-link,#quarto-margin-sidebar a.iot-toc-nav-link,#TOC a.iot-toc-nav-link{display:inline-flex!important;align-items:flex-start;gap:0.35rem}#quarto-margin-sidebar a.iot-toc-nav-link,#TOC a.iot-toc-nav-link{gap:0.25rem}#quarto-sidebar a.iot-nav-link>.menu-text,.sidebar a.iot-nav-link>.menu-text,#quarto-margin-sidebar a.iot-toc-nav-link>.menu-text,#TOC a.iot-toc-nav-link>.menu-text{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0}#quarto-sidebar a.iot-nav-link--map,.sidebar a.iot-nav-link--map{width:calc(100% - 0.55rem)!important;margin-left:0.55rem!important}.mermaid-js{font-size:16px!important;max-width:100%;height:auto;min-height:300px;background:var(--iot-foam);padding:1.5rem;border-radius:12px;box-shadow:var(--iot-shadow-md);margin:2rem 0;overflow-x:auto}.mermaid-js .nodeLabel,.mermaid-js .edgeLabel,.mermaid-js .label,.mermaid-js text{font-size:14px!important;font-family:"Source Sans 3","Source Sans 3 Fallback",-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",sans-serif!important;fill:var(--iot-text-dark)!important}.mermaid-js .cluster-label text,.mermaid-js .cluster text{font-size:16px!important;font-weight:600!important;fill:var(--iot-midnight)!important}.mermaid-js .node rect,.mermaid-js .node circle,.mermaid-js .node polygon{fill:var(--iot-cloud)!important;stroke:var(--iot-azure)!important;stroke-width:2px!important}.mermaid-js .cluster rect{fill:var(--iot-sand)!important;stroke:var(--iot-border)!important;stroke-width:1px!important;rx:8px;ry:8px}.mermaid-js .edgePath .path{stroke:var(--iot-navy)!important;stroke-width:2px!important}.mermaid-js .arrowheadPath{fill:var(--iot-navy)!important}#quarto-document-content pre.iot-worked-example,#quarto-document-content pre.iot-worked-example code,#quarto-document-content .cdqs-layer>pre,#quarto-document-content .cdqs-layer>pre code{background:#0b1220!important;color:#f8fafc!important}#quarto-document-content pre.iot-worked-example *,#quarto-document-content .cdqs-layer>pre *{color:#f8fafc!important}#quarto-document-content code.hiw-tree-code{background:var(--gray-800)!important;color:var(--gray-50)!important}#quarto-document-content .hiw-tree-btn.yes{background:var(--interactive-knowledge-check)!important}.content .katex-display{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;padding-bottom:0.15rem}.content .katex:not(.katex-display .katex){display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;vertical-align:middle}.content .katex .katex-mathml{inset-inline-start:0}.lane-banner{max-width:900px;margin:1.25rem auto 2rem;padding:0.85rem 1rem;border:2px dashed #a13d3d;border-radius:8px;background:#fdf2f2;font-size:0.92rem}.lane-banner p{margin:0.25rem 0}body:has(.lane-banner) main.content{max-width:900px;margin:0 auto;padding:1rem 1.5rem 4rem}.katex-display{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;padding-bottom:0.15rem}.katex:not(.katex-display .katex){display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;vertical-align:middle}.pilot-unconverted{border:2px dashed #a13d3d;border-radius:8px;padding:0.85rem 1rem;margin:1rem 0;background:#fdf2f2}.pilot-unconverted p{margin:0 0 0.5rem}.pilot-figure{margin:1.25rem 0;text-align:center}.pilot-figure img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.pilot-figure figcaption{font-size:0.9rem;color:#4b5563;margin-top:0.4rem}*{box-sizing:border-box}body{margin:0}.platform-navbar{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:1rem;min-height:58px;padding:0.45rem clamp(1rem,3vw,2.5rem);color:#fff;background:#2c3e50}.platform-navbar a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.platform-navbar__brand{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:0.6rem;font-weight:700}.platform-navbar__brand img{width:34px;height:34px;object-fit:cover;border-radius:6px}.platform-navbar__links{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:1rem;margin-inline-start:auto}.platform-navbar__links a,.platform-navbar__links button{display:inline-flex;min-height:44px;align-items:center;padding:0.35rem 0.5rem}.platform-navbar__links button{border:0;color:inherit;background:transparent;font:inherit;cursor:pointer}.platform-navbar__toggle{display:none;min-width:44px;min-height:44px;margin-inline-start:auto}.platform-auth-link{border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.7);border-radius:999px;padding-inline:0.9rem!important}#quarto-content>main{min-width:0}.platform-full-main{display:block;width:100%;min-width:0}body[data-platform-variant=dashboard] #quarto-content{max-width:1240px;margin-inline:auto}.platform-sidebar{grid-area:sidebar}.platform-footer{padding:2rem clamp(1rem,4vw,4rem);background:#f5f7f9;color:#334155}.platform-breadcrumbs{max-width:1200px;margin:0 auto;padding:.65rem 1rem 0}.platform-pagination{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;margin-top:2rem}.katex-display{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body[data-platform-variant=home] .landing-navbar>[hidden],body[data-platform-variant=landing] .landing-navbar>[hidden]{display:none!important}body[data-platform-variant=home] .landing-navbar #global-search-btn,body[data-platform-variant=landing] .landing-navbar #global-search-btn{position:absolute!important;top:8px!important;right:26px!important;width:38px!important;height:29px!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important;opacity:0}body[data-platform-variant=guide] #quarto-header .navbar{background-color:#171c22!important}@media(min-width:992px){body[data-platform-variant=article] #quarto-content.page-columns{display:grid;gap:0;grid-template-columns:[screen-start] 1.5rem [screen-start-inset] 5fr [page-start page-start-inset] 42px [body-start-outset] 42px [body-start] 1.5rem [body-content-start] minmax(500px,calc(850px - 3rem)) [body-content-end] 1.5rem [body-end] 35px [body-end-outset] minmax(75px,145px) [page-end-inset] 35px [page-end] 5fr [screen-end-inset] 1.5rem [screen-end]}body[data-platform-variant=full] #quarto-content.page-columns{display:grid;gap:0;grid-template-columns:[screen-start] 1.5rem [screen-start-inset] 5fr [page-start page-start-inset] 42px [body-start-outset] 42px [body-start] 1.5rem [body-content-start] minmax(500px,calc(850px - 3rem)) [body-content-end] 1.5rem [body-end] 35px [body-end-outset] 35px [page-end-inset page-end] 5fr [screen-end-inset] 1.5rem [screen-end]}body[data-platform-variant=article] #quarto-content>main,body[data-platform-variant=full] #quarto-content>main{grid-column:body-content-start / body-content-end;grid-row:content-top / content-bottom;align-content:flex-start}body[data-platform-variant=article] #quarto-margin-sidebar{grid-column:body-end / page-end;grid-row:content-top / page-bottom}}@media(max-width:991.98px){body[data-platform-variant=article] #quarto-content.page-columns,body[data-platform-variant=full] #quarto-content.page-columns{display:block}}@media(max-width:780px){.platform-navbar__toggle{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.platform-navbar__links{display:none;width:100%;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch}.platform-navbar__links.is-open{display:flex}.platform-navbar{flex-wrap:wrap}}.iotclass-user-status .iotclass-profile-presence-trigger,.iotclass-user-status .iotclass-profile-presence-trigger .iotclass-profile-presence-label,.iotclass-user-status .iotclass-profile-presence-trigger .iotclass-profile-presence-chevron,.iotclass-user-status .iotclass-profile-presence-menu a,.iotclass-user-status .iotclass-profile-presence-menu button{color:#1f2933!important}.iotclass-user-status .iotclass-profile-presence-trigger:hover,.iotclass-user-status .iotclass-profile-presence-trigger:focus-visible,.iotclass-user-status .iotclass-profile-presence-trigger:hover .iotclass-profile-presence-label,.iotclass-user-status .iotclass-profile-presence-trigger:focus-visible .iotclass-profile-presence-label,.iotclass-user-status .iotclass-profile-presence-trigger:hover .iotclass-profile-presence-chevron,.iotclass-user-status .iotclass-profile-presence-trigger:focus-visible .iotclass-profile-presence-chevron{color:#111827!important}.visually-hidden{width:1px!important;height:1px!important;padding:0!important;margin:-1px!important;overflow:hidden!important;clip:rect(0,0,0,0)!important;white-space:nowrap!important;border:0!important}.visually-hidden:not(caption){position:absolute!important}:root{--dashboard-text: var(--flat-text);--dashboard-muted: var(--flat-text-muted);--dashboard-subtle: var(--flat-text-subtle);--dashboard-line: var(--flat-border);--dashboard-line-strong: var(--flat-border-strong);--dashboard-surface: var(--flat-surface);--dashboard-surface-muted: var(--flat-surface-muted);--dashboard-control: var(--flat-control-bg);--dashboard-accent: var(--flat-accent);--dashboard-avatar-accent: var(--ds-accent, #546e7a);--dashboard-success: var(--success);--dashboard-radius: var(--flat-radius-lg);--dashboard-radius-sm: var(--flat-radius-md)}html,body{max-width:100%;overflow-x:clip}body,#quarto-content{color:var(--dashboard-text)!important;background:var(--dashboard-surface)!important}.navbar{background:var(--ieee-navy)!important}.iotclass-user-status{color:#fff!important;background:var(--ieee-navy)!important}.iotclass-dashboard-enhanced #last-edited-banner,.iotclass-dashboard-enhanced #quarto-margin-sidebar{display:none!important}#quarto-document-content{box-sizing:border-box;width:min(100%,1180px);max-width:1180px;min-width:0;margin-inline:auto}#title-block-header.quarto-title-block{margin:0 0 var(--spacing-2xl);padding:0 0 var(--spacing-xl)!important;overflow:visible;background:var(--dashboard-surface)!important;border:0!important;border-bottom:1px solid var(--dashboard-line)!important;border-radius:0!important}#title-block-header.quarto-title-block .title{margin:0;color:var(--dashboard-text)!important;font-size:clamp(2.2rem,5vw,3.4rem)!important;font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold);letter-spacing:-0.04em;line-height:1.05}#title-block-header.quarto-title-block .subtitle{display:block!important;max-width:42rem;margin-top:var(--spacing-md);color:var(--dashboard-muted)!important;font-size:clamp(1rem,2vw,1.2rem);line-height:var(--line-height-normal)}#quarto-document-content .cell-code,#quarto-document-content .cell>details,#quarto-document-content [id^=ojs-cell] .observablehq--inspect{display:none!important}#quarto-document-content .cell,#quarto-document-content .cell-output,#quarto-document-content [id^=ojs-cell],#quarto-document-content .observablehq{width:100%;max-width:none;min-width:0}.iotclass-dashboard-enhanced #dashboard-content{display:none!important}.dashboard-auth-region,.dashboard-ojs-content,.dashboard-ojs-shell,.iotclass-dashboard-shell{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;min-width:0}.dashboard-auth-region[hidden],.dashboard-ojs-content[hidden]{display:none!important}.dashboard-loading{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:var(--spacing-md);min-height:8rem;padding:var(--spacing-xl);color:var(--dashboard-muted);background:var(--dashboard-surface-muted);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius)}.dashboard-loading strong,.dashboard-loading p{margin:0}.dashboard-loading strong{color:var(--dashboard-text)}.dashboard-loading-mark{width:1.6rem;height:1.6rem;border:3px solid var(--dashboard-line-strong);border-top-color:var(--dashboard-accent);border-radius:var(--radius-full);animation:dashboard-spin 0.9s linear infinite}@keyframes dashboard-spin{to{transform:rotate(360deg)}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.dashboard-loading-mark{animation:none}}.iotclass-dashboard-shell{display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-xl);margin:0;color:var(--dashboard-text)}.iotclass-dashboard-shell h2,.iotclass-dashboard-shell h3,.dashboard-ojs-shell h2,.dashboard-ojs-shell h3,.dashboard-signin-card h2,.dashboard-earn-panel h2{padding:0!important;color:var(--dashboard-text)!important;border:0!important;font-family:var(--font-family-base)!important;font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold)!important;letter-spacing:-0.02em;line-height:var(--line-height-tight)}.iotclass-dashboard-shell h2,.iotclass-dashboard-shell h3,.iotclass-dashboard-shell p,.dashboard-ojs-shell h2,.dashboard-ojs-shell h3,.dashboard-ojs-shell p,.dashboard-signin-card h2,.dashboard-signin-card p,.dashboard-earn-panel h2,.dashboard-earn-panel p{max-width:none!important}.iotclass-dashboard-section-kicker,.dashboard-eyebrow{display:block;margin-bottom:var(--spacing-xs);color:var(--dashboard-accent);font-size:var(--font-size-xs);font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold);letter-spacing:0.08em;line-height:1.2;text-transform:uppercase}.iotclass-dashboard-signin,.dashboard-signin-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.2fr) minmax(18rem,0.8fr);gap:var(--spacing-2xl);align-items:center;min-height:23rem;padding:clamp(2rem,5vw,4rem);background:var(--dashboard-surface);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-left:4px solid var(--dashboard-accent);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius)}.iotclass-dashboard-signin-copy,.dashboard-signin-copy{display:grid;justify-items:start;gap:var(--spacing-md)}.iotclass-dashboard-signin h2,.dashboard-signin-card h2{margin:0!important;font-size:clamp(2rem,4vw,3rem)!important}.iotclass-dashboard-signin p,.dashboard-signin-card p{max-width:38rem!important;margin:0;color:var(--dashboard-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-lg);line-height:var(--line-height-relaxed)}.iotclass-dashboard-signin-copy>small{color:var(--dashboard-subtle);font-size:var(--font-size-sm)}.iotclass-dashboard-signin-preview,.dashboard-signin-preview{display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-md);align-content:center;min-height:15rem;padding:var(--spacing-xl);background:var(--dashboard-surface-muted);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius)}.iotclass-dashboard-signin-preview>span,.dashboard-preview-label{color:var(--dashboard-accent);font-size:var(--font-size-xs);font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold);letter-spacing:0.08em;text-transform:uppercase}.iotclass-dashboard-signin-preview strong,.dashboard-signin-preview strong{color:var(--dashboard-text);font-size:var(--font-size-xl);line-height:var(--line-height-snug)}.iotclass-dashboard-signin-preview small,.dashboard-signin-preview small{color:var(--dashboard-muted)}.iotclass-auth-button,.dashboard-primary-button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:var(--spacing-sm);min-height:var(--touch-target-comfortable);padding:0.7rem 1.15rem;color:#fff;background:var(--dashboard-accent);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-accent);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius-sm);font:inherit;font-size:var(--font-size-sm);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold);cursor:pointer}.iotclass-auth-button:hover,.dashboard-primary-button:hover{color:#fff;background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--dashboard-accent) 88%,black);border-color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--dashboard-accent) 88%,black)}.iotclass-auth-button:focus-visible,.dashboard-primary-button:focus-visible{outline:3px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--dashboard-accent) 30%,transparent);outline-offset:2px}.iotclass-auth-button-unavailable{color:var(--dashboard-subtle);background:var(--dashboard-control);border-color:var(--dashboard-line-strong);cursor:not-allowed}.dashboard-google-mark{display:grid;width:1.35rem;height:1.35rem;color:var(--dashboard-accent);background:#fff;border-radius:var(--radius-full);font-size:var(--font-size-xs);font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold);place-items:center}.iotclass-dashboard-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(18rem,0.4fr);gap:var(--spacing-xl);align-items:center;min-height:11rem;padding:var(--spacing-xl);background:var(--dashboard-surface-muted);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-left:4px solid var(--dashboard-accent);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius)}.iotclass-dashboard-profile,.dashboard-ojs-profile{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:var(--spacing-lg);min-width:0}.iotclass-dashboard-avatar-chip{position:relative;display:grid;flex:0 0 auto;width:6.5rem;height:6.5rem;padding:0.35rem;background:var(--dashboard-surface);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line-strong);border-radius:var(--radius-full);color:var(--dashboard-text);cursor:pointer;font:inherit;place-items:center}.iotclass-dashboard-avatar-chip:hover{border-color:var(--dashboard-avatar-accent)}.iotclass-dashboard-avatar-chip:focus-visible{outline:3px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--dashboard-avatar-accent) 30%,transparent);outline-offset:3px}.iotclass-dashboard-avatar-change{position:absolute;right:50%;bottom:-0.25rem;min-width:3.4rem;padding:0.25rem 0.55rem;color:#fff;background:var(--dashboard-avatar-accent);border:2px solid var(--dashboard-surface-muted);border-radius:var(--radius-full);font-size:var(--font-size-xs);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold);line-height:1.2;text-align:center;transform:translateX(50%)}.iotclass-dashboard-avatar,.dashboard-ojs-avatar{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;border-radius:var(--radius-full);background:var(--dashboard-surface);object-fit:cover}.iotclass-dashboard-kicker{margin:0 0 var(--spacing-xs);color:var(--dashboard-accent);font-size:var(--font-size-xs);font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold);letter-spacing:0.08em;text-transform:uppercase}.iotclass-dashboard-profile h2,.dashboard-ojs-identity h2{margin:0!important;font-size:clamp(1.8rem,4vw,2.6rem)!important}.iotclass-dashboard-profile p,.dashboard-ojs-identity p,.iotclass-dashboard-status p{margin:var(--spacing-xs) 0 0;color:var(--dashboard-muted)}.iotclass-dashboard-status{display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-sm);align-content:center;min-height:7rem;padding-left:var(--spacing-xl);border-left:1px solid var(--dashboard-line)}.iotclass-dashboard-status>strong{color:var(--dashboard-text);font-size:var(--font-size-xl)}.iotclass-dashboard-pill{display:inline-flex;width:fit-content;margin-top:var(--spacing-xs);padding:0.28rem 0.55rem;color:var(--dashboard-muted);background:var(--dashboard-surface);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line-strong);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius-sm);font-size:var(--font-size-xs);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold)}.iotclass-avatar-dialog{width:min(42rem,calc(100vw - 2rem));max-width:none;max-height:min(88vh,48rem);margin:auto;padding:0;color:var(--dashboard-text);background:var(--dashboard-surface);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line-strong);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius);box-shadow:0 24px 64px rgba(15,23,42,0.28)}.iotclass-avatar-dialog::backdrop{background:rgba(15,23,42,0.58)}.iotclass-avatar-dialog-surface{display:grid;grid-template-rows:auto minmax(0,1fr);max-height:min(88vh,48rem)}.iotclass-avatar-dialog-header{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:var(--spacing-lg);padding:var(--spacing-lg);border-bottom:1px solid var(--dashboard-line)}.iotclass-avatar-dialog-header h3{margin:var(--spacing-xs) 0 0;color:var(--dashboard-text);font-size:var(--font-size-xl)}.iotclass-avatar-dialog-close{display:inline-grid;width:var(--touch-target-min);height:var(--touch-target-min);flex:0 0 auto;padding:0;color:var(--dashboard-muted);background:var(--dashboard-surface-muted);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius-sm);cursor:pointer;font:inherit;font-size:var(--font-size-xl);place-items:center}.iotclass-avatar-dialog-close:hover{color:var(--dashboard-text);border-color:var(--dashboard-text)}.iotclass-avatar-dialog-close:focus-visible{outline:3px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--dashboard-avatar-accent) 30%,transparent);outline-offset:2px}.iotclass-avatar-picker-panel{padding:var(--spacing-lg);overflow-y:auto;overscroll-behavior:contain}.iotclass-avatar-picker-panel>p{margin:0 0 var(--spacing-md);color:var(--dashboard-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-sm)}.iotclass-avatar-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr));gap:var(--spacing-md)}.iotclass-avatar-choice{display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-sm);justify-items:center;min-width:0;min-height:8.5rem;padding:var(--spacing-md) var(--spacing-sm);color:var(--dashboard-text);background:var(--dashboard-surface-muted);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius-sm);font:inherit;font-size:var(--font-size-sm);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold);cursor:pointer}.iotclass-avatar-choice:hover{background:var(--dashboard-surface);border-color:var(--dashboard-line-strong)}.iotclass-avatar-choice:focus-visible{outline:3px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--dashboard-avatar-accent) 30%,transparent);outline-offset:2px}.iotclass-avatar-choice.is-selected{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--dashboard-avatar-accent) 7%,white);border:2px solid var(--dashboard-avatar-accent)}.iotclass-avatar-choice img{width:min(5.2rem,100%);aspect-ratio:1;border-radius:var(--radius-full);background:var(--dashboard-surface);object-fit:cover}.iotclass-avatar-picker-status{min-height:1.2rem;margin:var(--spacing-md) 0 0!important;color:var(--dashboard-avatar-accent)!important;font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold)}.iotclass-dashboard-stats,.dashboard-stat-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:var(--spacing-md);background:transparent;border:0}.iotclass-dashboard-stat,.dashboard-stat{display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-sm);min-height:8.5rem;padding:var(--spacing-lg);text-align:left;background:var(--dashboard-surface);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-top:3px solid var(--dashboard-line-strong);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius)}.iotclass-dashboard-stat strong,.dashboard-stat strong{color:var(--dashboard-text);font-size:clamp(1.8rem,4vw,2.35rem);font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold);line-height:1;order:2}.iotclass-dashboard-stat span,.dashboard-stat>span{color:var(--dashboard-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-sm);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold);order:1}.dashboard-stat small{color:var(--dashboard-subtle);order:3}.iotclass-dashboard-panel,.iotclass-dashboard-actions,.dashboard-panel,.dashboard-shortcuts{padding:var(--spacing-xl);color:var(--dashboard-text);background:var(--dashboard-surface);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius);box-shadow:none}.iotclass-dashboard-overview-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.35fr) minmax(19rem,0.65fr);gap:var(--spacing-md)}.iotclass-dashboard-panel-heading,.dashboard-section-heading{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:space-between;gap:var(--spacing-lg);margin-bottom:var(--spacing-lg)}.iotclass-dashboard-panel-heading h3,.dashboard-section-heading h3{margin:0!important;font-size:var(--font-size-xl)!important}.iotclass-dashboard-panel-heading>span,.iotclass-dashboard-panel-heading>a,.dashboard-section-heading>a{color:var(--dashboard-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-sm)}.iotclass-dashboard-panel-heading>a,.dashboard-section-heading>a{color:var(--dashboard-accent);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold)}.iotclass-dashboard-panel-heading>strong{color:var(--dashboard-text);font-size:var(--font-size-2xl)}.iotclass-dashboard-note,.dashboard-level-panel p{margin:var(--spacing-md) 0 0;color:var(--dashboard-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-sm)}progress{overflow:hidden;appearance:none;display:block;width:100%;height:0.7rem;color:var(--dashboard-accent);background:var(--dashboard-control);border:0;border-radius:var(--radius-full)}progress::-webkit-progress-bar{background:var(--dashboard-control);border-radius:var(--radius-full)}progress::-webkit-progress-value{background:var(--dashboard-accent);border-radius:var(--radius-full)}progress::-moz-progress-bar{background:var(--dashboard-accent);border-radius:var(--radius-full)}.iotclass-dashboard-progress-track,.dashboard-progress{height:0.85rem}.iotclass-dashboard-streak-values{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));overflow:hidden;background:var(--dashboard-surface-muted);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius-sm)}.iotclass-dashboard-streak-values div{display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-sm);min-width:0;padding:var(--spacing-lg)}.iotclass-dashboard-streak-values div+div{border-left:1px solid var(--dashboard-line)}.iotclass-dashboard-streak-values strong{color:var(--dashboard-text);font-size:var(--font-size-xl);line-height:1.1}.iotclass-dashboard-streak-values span{color:var(--dashboard-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-xs);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold);text-transform:uppercase}.iotclass-dashboard-modules{position:relative;display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-lg);padding:var(--spacing-xl);color:var(--dashboard-text);background:var(--dashboard-surface);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-top:3px solid var(--dashboard-success);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius)}.iotclass-dashboard-modules-heading{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:space-between;gap:var(--spacing-xl)}.iotclass-dashboard-modules-heading h3{margin:0!important;color:var(--dashboard-text)!important;font-size:clamp(1.5rem,3vw,2rem)!important}.iotclass-dashboard-modules-heading p{margin:var(--spacing-xs) 0 0!important;color:var(--dashboard-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-sm)}.iotclass-dashboard-module-summary{display:grid;flex:0 0 auto;gap:var(--spacing-xs);justify-items:end;color:var(--dashboard-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-xs);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold);text-transform:uppercase}.iotclass-dashboard-module-summary strong{color:var(--dashboard-text);font-size:var(--font-size-2xl);line-height:1}.iotclass-dashboard-module-summary strong span,.iotclass-dashboard-module-fraction span{margin-inline:0.15em;color:var(--dashboard-subtle);font-weight:var(--font-weight-normal)}.iotclass-dashboard-unit-legend{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-lg);padding:var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);color:var(--dashboard-muted);background:var(--dashboard-surface-muted);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius-sm);font-size:var(--font-size-xs)}.iotclass-dashboard-unit-legend span{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:var(--spacing-xs)}.iotclass-dashboard-unit-legend i,.iotclass-dashboard-unit-cell{box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:0.85rem;height:0.85rem;background:var(--dashboard-surface-muted);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line-strong);border-radius:2px}.iotclass-dashboard-unit-legend i[data-state=partially-complete],.iotclass-dashboard-unit-cell[data-state=partially-complete]{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--dashboard-success) 42%,var(--dashboard-surface));border-color:var(--dashboard-success)}.iotclass-dashboard-unit-legend i[data-state=completed],.iotclass-dashboard-unit-cell[data-state=completed]{background:var(--dashboard-success);border-color:var(--dashboard-success)}.iotclass-dashboard-unit-legend i[data-freshened=true],.iotclass-dashboard-unit-cell[data-freshened=true]{position:relative;overflow:visible}.iotclass-dashboard-unit-legend i[data-freshened=true]::after,.iotclass-dashboard-unit-cell[data-freshened=true]::after{content:"";position:absolute;top:-0.22rem;right:-0.22rem;width:0.36rem;height:0.36rem;background:#f59e0b;border:1px solid var(--dashboard-surface);border-radius:var(--radius-full);box-shadow:0 0 0 1px color-mix(in srgb,#b45309 45%,transparent)}.iotclass-dashboard-fresh-panel{display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-md);padding:var(--spacing-lg);background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--dashboard-success) 5%,var(--dashboard-surface));border:1px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--dashboard-success) 34%,var(--dashboard-line));border-left:4px solid var(--dashboard-success);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius-sm)}.iotclass-dashboard-fresh-heading{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:space-between;gap:var(--spacing-lg)}.iotclass-dashboard-fresh-heading h4{margin:0!important;color:var(--dashboard-text)!important;font-size:var(--font-size-xl)!important;font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold);letter-spacing:-0.02em}.iotclass-dashboard-fresh-heading p{margin:var(--spacing-xs) 0 0!important;color:var(--dashboard-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-sm)}.iotclass-dashboard-fresh-heading>strong{display:grid;flex:0 0 auto;width:2.15rem;height:2.15rem;color:#075d45;background:#fff;border:1px solid #9bd7c2;border-radius:var(--radius-full);font-size:var(--font-size-sm);place-items:center}.iotclass-dashboard-fresh-list{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:var(--spacing-sm);margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.iotclass-dashboard-fresh-list li{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:var(--spacing-md);min-width:0;padding:var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);background:var(--dashboard-surface);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius-sm)}.iotclass-dashboard-fresh-list li>span{display:grid;gap:0.08rem;min-width:0}.iotclass-dashboard-fresh-list strong{overflow:hidden;color:var(--dashboard-text);font-size:var(--font-size-sm);line-height:var(--line-height-snug);text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.iotclass-dashboard-fresh-list small{color:var(--dashboard-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-xs)}.iotclass-dashboard-fresh-list a{flex:0 0 auto;padding:0.42rem 0.65rem;color:#075d45;background:#eefaf5;border:1px solid #9bd7c2;border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius-sm);font-size:var(--font-size-xs);font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold);text-decoration:none}.iotclass-dashboard-fresh-list a:hover{color:#064c39;background:#dff5ec}.iotclass-dashboard-fresh-list a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--dashboard-success) 35%,transparent);outline-offset:2px}.iotclass-dashboard-module-list{display:grid;border-bottom:1px solid var(--dashboard-line)}.iotclass-dashboard-module-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(14rem,17rem) minmax(0,1fr) 4.5rem;gap:var(--spacing-lg);align-items:center;min-width:0;padding:var(--spacing-md) 0;border-top:1px solid var(--dashboard-line)}.iotclass-dashboard-module-identity{display:grid;grid-template-columns:3.5rem minmax(0,1fr);gap:var(--spacing-md);align-items:center;min-width:0}.iotclass-dashboard-module-badge{display:grid;width:3.35rem;height:3.35rem;padding:0.15rem;background:var(--dashboard-surface-muted);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-radius:var(--radius-full);place-items:center}.iotclass-dashboard-module-badge img{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;filter:grayscale(1);opacity:0.34;object-fit:contain}.iotclass-dashboard-module-badge.is-earned{background:var(--dashboard-surface);border-color:var(--dashboard-success);outline:3px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--dashboard-success) 22%,transparent);outline-offset:2px}.iotclass-dashboard-module-badge.is-earned img{filter:none;opacity:1}.iotclass-dashboard-module-badge.iotclass-badge-art-missing::after{content:"";width:0.9rem;height:0.9rem;background:var(--dashboard-line-strong);border-radius:var(--radius-full)}.iotclass-dashboard-module-badge.is-earned.iotclass-badge-art-missing::after{background:var(--dashboard-success)}.iotclass-dashboard-module-copy{display:grid;gap:0.2rem;min-width:0}.iotclass-dashboard-module-copy strong{overflow-wrap:anywhere;color:var(--dashboard-text);font-size:var(--font-size-sm);line-height:var(--line-height-snug)}.iotclass-dashboard-module-copy small{color:var(--dashboard-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-xs)}.iotclass-dashboard-unit-grid{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0.2rem;align-content:center;min-width:0}.iotclass-dashboard-unit-cell{position:relative;flex:0 0 auto;color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.iotclass-dashboard-unit-cell:hover{border-color:var(--dashboard-text);transform:none}.iotclass-dashboard-unit-cell:focus-visible{z-index:1;outline:3px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--dashboard-accent) 42%,transparent);outline-offset:2px}.iotclass-dashboard-module-fraction{justify-self:end;color:var(--dashboard-text);font-size:var(--font-size-sm);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;white-space:nowrap}.iotclass-dashboard-module-row.is-earned .iotclass-dashboard-module-fraction{color:var(--dashboard-success)}.iotclass-dashboard-unit-tooltip{position:fixed;z-index:1100;max-width:min(17rem,calc(100vw - 1rem));padding:0.45rem 0.6rem;color:var(--dashboard-surface);background:var(--dashboard-text);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-text);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius-sm);font-size:var(--font-size-xs);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold);line-height:var(--line-height-snug);pointer-events:none;text-align:center;transform:translate(-50%,-100%)}.iotclass-dashboard-unit-tooltip[hidden]{display:none}.iotclass-dashboard-module-loading{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0.3rem;align-items:center;min-height:4rem;padding:var(--spacing-lg);color:var(--dashboard-muted);background:var(--dashboard-surface-muted);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius-sm)}.iotclass-dashboard-module-loading span{width:0.85rem;height:0.85rem;background:var(--dashboard-control);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line-strong);border-radius:2px}.iotclass-dashboard-module-loading span:nth-child(2),.iotclass-dashboard-module-loading span:nth-child(3){background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--dashboard-success) 42%,var(--dashboard-surface));border-color:var(--dashboard-success)}.iotclass-dashboard-module-loading strong{margin-left:var(--spacing-sm);color:var(--dashboard-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-sm)}.iotclass-dashboard-path-section{display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-lg);padding-top:var(--spacing-md)}.iotclass-dashboard-path-section .iotclass-dashboard-panel-heading{margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:var(--spacing-md);border-bottom:1px solid var(--dashboard-line)}.iotclass-dashboard-path-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,minmax(0,1fr));gap:var(--spacing-md)}.iotclass-dashboard-path-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0,1fr);gap:var(--spacing-md);align-items:center;min-width:0;min-height:8rem;padding:var(--spacing-md);color:var(--dashboard-text);background:var(--dashboard-surface);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius);text-decoration:none}.iotclass-dashboard-path-card:hover{color:var(--dashboard-text);background:var(--dashboard-surface-muted);border-color:var(--dashboard-line-strong)}.iotclass-dashboard-path-card:focus-visible{outline:3px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--dashboard-accent) 30%,transparent);outline-offset:2px}.iotclass-dashboard-path-card.is-active{border-color:var(--dashboard-accent)}.iotclass-dashboard-ring{position:relative;display:grid;flex:0 0 auto;width:4.5rem;aspect-ratio:1;place-items:center}.iotclass-dashboard-ring svg{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;overflow:visible;transform:rotate(-90deg)}.iotclass-dashboard-ring circle{fill:none;stroke-width:4}.iotclass-dashboard-ring-track{stroke:var(--dashboard-control)}.iotclass-dashboard-ring-value{stroke:var(--dashboard-accent);stroke-linecap:round}.iotclass-dashboard-ring>span{position:relative;z-index:1;color:var(--dashboard-text);font-size:var(--font-size-xs);font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold)}.iotclass-dashboard-path-copy{display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-xs);min-width:0}.iotclass-dashboard-path-copy strong,.iotclass-dashboard-path-copy small{overflow-wrap:anywhere}.iotclass-dashboard-path-copy strong{color:var(--dashboard-text);font-size:var(--font-size-sm);line-height:var(--line-height-snug)}.iotclass-dashboard-path-copy small{color:var(--dashboard-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-xs)}.iotclass-dashboard-badge-grid,.dashboard-badge-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:var(--spacing-md)}.iotclass-dashboard-badge,.dashboard-badge-card{display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-sm);justify-items:center;min-width:0;padding:var(--spacing-lg) var(--spacing-md);text-align:center;background:var(--dashboard-surface-muted);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius-sm)}.iotclass-dashboard-badge img,.dashboard-badge-card img{display:block;width:min(7rem,100%);height:7rem;margin-bottom:var(--spacing-xs);object-fit:contain}.iotclass-dashboard-badge.iotclass-badge-art-missing::before{content:"";display:block;width:3rem;height:3rem;margin-bottom:var(--spacing-xs);background:var(--dashboard-line-strong);border-radius:var(--radius-full)}.iotclass-dashboard-badge strong,.dashboard-badge-card strong{color:var(--dashboard-text);font-size:var(--font-size-base);line-height:var(--line-height-snug)}.iotclass-dashboard-badge small,.dashboard-badge-card small{color:var(--dashboard-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-xs)}.iotclass-dashboard-badge-empty{display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-sm);justify-items:start;padding:var(--spacing-xl);color:var(--dashboard-muted);background:var(--dashboard-surface-muted);border:1px dashed var(--dashboard-line-strong);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius-sm)}.iotclass-dashboard-badge-empty strong{color:var(--dashboard-text);font-size:var(--font-size-lg)}.iotclass-dashboard-badge-empty a{margin-top:var(--spacing-sm);color:var(--dashboard-accent);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold)}.iotclass-dashboard-focus-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,0.9fr) minmax(0,1.1fr);gap:var(--spacing-md)}.iotclass-dashboard-next-best{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;border-left:4px solid var(--dashboard-accent)}.iotclass-dashboard-next-title{margin:0!important;color:var(--dashboard-text)!important;font-size:clamp(1.35rem,3vw,1.75rem);font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold);line-height:var(--line-height-tight)}.iotclass-dashboard-next-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:fit-content;min-height:var(--touch-target-min);margin-top:auto;padding:0.6rem 0.9rem;color:#fff;background:var(--dashboard-accent);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-accent);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius-sm);font-size:var(--font-size-sm);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold);text-decoration:none}.iotclass-dashboard-next-link:hover{color:#fff;background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--dashboard-accent) 88%,black)}.iotclass-dashboard-next-link:focus-visible{outline:3px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--dashboard-accent) 30%,transparent);outline-offset:2px}.iotclass-dashboard-activity,.dashboard-activity-list{display:grid;gap:0;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.iotclass-dashboard-activity li,.dashboard-activity-list li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:5.5rem minmax(0,1fr);gap:var(--spacing-md);align-items:center;min-width:0;padding:var(--spacing-md) 0;background:transparent;border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-radius:0}.iotclass-dashboard-activity li:first-child,.dashboard-activity-list li:first-child{padding-top:0;border-top:0}.iotclass-dashboard-activity-type{width:fit-content;padding:0.25rem 0.45rem;color:var(--dashboard-muted);background:var(--dashboard-surface-muted);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius-sm);font-size:var(--font-size-xs);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold);text-transform:uppercase}.iotclass-dashboard-activity strong,.iotclass-dashboard-activity small{display:block}.iotclass-dashboard-activity strong{color:var(--dashboard-text)}.iotclass-dashboard-activity small{margin-top:var(--spacing-xs);color:var(--dashboard-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-sm)}.iotclass-dashboard-empty-row{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)!important;color:var(--dashboard-muted)}.iotclass-dashboard-meter-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:var(--spacing-lg)}.iotclass-dashboard-meter-row{display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-sm);margin:0}.iotclass-dashboard-meter-label{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:var(--spacing-sm);color:var(--dashboard-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-sm)}.iotclass-dashboard-meter-label strong{color:var(--dashboard-text)}.iotclass-dashboard-meter-track{height:0.5rem}.iotclass-dashboard-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:var(--spacing-xl)}.iotclass-dashboard-actions h3{margin:0!important;font-size:var(--font-size-xl)!important}.iotclass-dashboard-actions nav,.dashboard-shortcuts{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:var(--spacing-sm)}.iotclass-dashboard-actions nav{flex:1 1 38rem;max-width:44rem}.iotclass-dashboard-actions a,.dashboard-shortcuts a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-height:var(--touch-target-min);padding:0.55rem 0.75rem;color:var(--dashboard-text);background:var(--dashboard-surface-muted);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line-strong);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius-sm);font-size:var(--font-size-sm);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold);text-align:center;text-decoration:none}.iotclass-dashboard-actions a:hover,.dashboard-shortcuts a:hover{color:var(--dashboard-text);background:var(--dashboard-control);border-color:var(--dashboard-text)}.iotclass-dashboard-actions a:focus-visible,.dashboard-shortcuts a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--dashboard-accent) 30%,transparent);outline-offset:2px}.dashboard-earn-panel{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,0.8fr) minmax(0,1.2fr);gap:var(--spacing-2xl);align-items:center;margin-top:var(--spacing-3xl);padding:var(--spacing-2xl);background:var(--dashboard-surface-muted);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius)}.dashboard-earn-panel h2{margin:0 0 var(--spacing-sm)!important;font-size:var(--font-size-2xl)!important}.dashboard-earn-panel p{margin:0;color:var(--dashboard-muted)}.dashboard-earn-panel ul{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:var(--spacing-sm);margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.dashboard-earn-panel li{display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-xs);min-height:6.5rem;padding:var(--spacing-md);background:var(--dashboard-surface);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius-sm)}.dashboard-earn-panel li strong{color:var(--dashboard-accent);font-size:var(--font-size-lg)}.dashboard-earn-panel li span{color:var(--dashboard-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-sm)}.dashboard-ojs-shell{display:grid;gap:var(--spacing-xl)}.dashboard-ojs-profile{padding:var(--spacing-xl);background:var(--dashboard-surface-muted);border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-left:4px solid var(--dashboard-accent);border-radius:var(--dashboard-radius)}.dashboard-ojs-avatar{width:6rem;height:6rem;border:1px solid var(--dashboard-line-strong)}.dashboard-activity-list li{grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0,1fr) auto}.dashboard-activity-mark{width:0.75rem;height:0.75rem;background:var(--dashboard-accent);border-radius:var(--radius-full)}.dashboard-activity-list strong,.dashboard-activity-list small{display:block;text-transform:capitalize}.dashboard-activity-list small{color:var(--dashboard-muted)}.dashboard-xp-chip{color:var(--dashboard-accent);font-size:var(--font-size-sm);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold)}.dashboard-shortcuts{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}@media(max-width:1000px){.iotclass-dashboard-path-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}.iotclass-dashboard-badge-grid,.dashboard-badge-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.dashboard-earn-panel{grid-template-columns:1fr}}@media(max-width:760px){#quarto-content.page-layout-full{display:block!important;width:100%}#quarto-document-content{width:100%;max-width:none;margin-inline:0}#title-block-header.quarto-title-block{margin-bottom:var(--spacing-xl)}.iotclass-dashboard-shell{gap:var(--spacing-md)}.iotclass-dashboard-signin,.dashboard-signin-card,.iotclass-dashboard-hero,.iotclass-dashboard-overview-grid,.iotclass-dashboard-focus-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.iotclass-dashboard-signin,.dashboard-signin-card{gap:var(--spacing-xl);min-height:auto;padding:var(--spacing-xl)}.iotclass-dashboard-signin-preview,.dashboard-signin-preview{min-height:11rem}.iotclass-dashboard-status{min-height:auto;padding:var(--spacing-lg) 0 0;border-top:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-left:0}.iotclass-dashboard-stats,.dashboard-stat-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.iotclass-dashboard-meter-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.iotclass-dashboard-fresh-list{grid-template-columns:1fr}.iotclass-dashboard-module-row{grid-template-columns:minmax(12rem,15rem) minmax(0,1fr) 3.5rem;gap:var(--spacing-md)}.iotclass-dashboard-actions{align-items:stretch;flex-direction:column}.iotclass-dashboard-actions nav,.dashboard-shortcuts{flex:0 0 auto;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));width:100%;max-width:none}.dashboard-earn-panel{gap:var(--spacing-xl);margin-top:var(--spacing-2xl);padding:var(--spacing-xl)}.dashboard-earn-panel ul{grid-template-columns:1fr}.dashboard-earn-panel li{min-height:auto}}@media(max-width:520px){#quarto-document-content{padding-inline:var(--spacing-md)}#title-block-header.quarto-title-block .title{font-size:2.15rem!important}.iotclass-dashboard-hero,.iotclass-dashboard-panel,.iotclass-dashboard-actions,.iotclass-dashboard-modules,.dashboard-panel{padding:var(--spacing-lg)}.iotclass-dashboard-modules-heading{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:var(--spacing-md)}.iotclass-dashboard-module-summary{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:var(--spacing-sm);justify-items:start}.iotclass-dashboard-module-summary span{max-width:none}.iotclass-dashboard-fresh-panel{padding:var(--spacing-md)}.iotclass-dashboard-fresh-heading p{max-width:15rem!important}.iotclass-dashboard-fresh-heading h4{font-size:1.1rem!important}.iotclass-dashboard-fresh-list li{align-items:flex-start}.iotclass-dashboard-fresh-list strong{overflow:visible;text-overflow:clip;white-space:normal}.iotclass-dashboard-module-row{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);padding:var(--spacing-md) 0 var(--spacing-lg)}.iotclass-dashboard-module-identity{grid-template-columns:3.25rem minmax(0,1fr)}.iotclass-dashboard-module-badge{width:3rem;height:3rem}.iotclass-dashboard-unit-grid{grid-column:1 / -1;gap:0.3rem;padding-left:0.1rem}.iotclass-dashboard-unit-cell{width:0.95rem;height:0.95rem}.iotclass-dashboard-profile{align-items:flex-start}.iotclass-dashboard-avatar-chip{width:5rem;height:5rem}.iotclass-dashboard-profile h2{font-size:1.65rem!important}.iotclass-avatar-dialog{width:calc(100vw - 1rem);max-height:calc(100vh - 1rem)}.iotclass-avatar-dialog-surface{max-height:calc(100vh - 1rem)}.iotclass-avatar-dialog-header,.iotclass-avatar-picker-panel{padding:var(--spacing-md)}.iotclass-avatar-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:var(--spacing-sm)}.iotclass-avatar-choice{min-height:7.5rem;padding:var(--spacing-sm)}.iotclass-dashboard-stat,.dashboard-stat{min-height:7rem;padding:var(--spacing-md)}.iotclass-dashboard-path-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.iotclass-dashboard-path-card{min-height:6.5rem}.iotclass-dashboard-badge-grid,.dashboard-badge-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:var(--spacing-sm)}.iotclass-dashboard-badge,.dashboard-badge-card{padding:var(--spacing-md) var(--spacing-sm)}.iotclass-dashboard-badge img,.dashboard-badge-card img{width:5.5rem;height:5.5rem}.iotclass-dashboard-panel-heading,.dashboard-section-heading{gap:var(--spacing-sm)}.iotclass-dashboard-activity li,.dashboard-activity-list li{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:var(--spacing-sm)}.iotclass-dashboard-meter-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.iotclass-dashboard-streak-values{grid-template-columns:1fr}.iotclass-dashboard-streak-values div+div{border-top:1px solid var(--dashboard-line);border-left:0}.dashboard-earn-panel{padding:var(--spacing-lg)}}:root{--badge-accent: var(--flat-accent);--badge-text: var(--flat-text);--badge-muted: var(--flat-text-muted);--badge-subtle: var(--flat-text-subtle);--badge-line: var(--flat-border);--badge-line-strong: var(--flat-border-strong);--badge-surface: var(--flat-surface);--badge-surface-alt: var(--flat-surface-muted);--badge-radius: var(--flat-radius-lg);--badge-radius-sm: var(--flat-radius-md)}html,body{max-width:100%;overflow-x:clip}body,#quarto-content{color:var(--badge-text)!important;background:var(--badge-surface)!important}.navbar{background:var(--ieee-navy)!important}.iotclass-user-status{color:#fff!important;background:var(--ieee-navy)!important}.iotclass-dashboard-enhanced #last-edited-banner{display:none!important}#quarto-document-content{width:min(100%,1500px);max-width:1500px;min-width:0;margin-inline:auto}#title-block-header.quarto-title-block{margin-bottom:var(--spacing-xl);padding:0 0 var(--spacing-lg)!important;overflow:visible;background:var(--badge-surface)!important;border:0!important;border-bottom:1px solid var(--badge-line)!important;border-radius:0!important}#title-block-header.quarto-title-block .title{margin:0;color:var(--badge-text)!important;font-size:clamp(2rem,4vw,2.6rem)!important;font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold);letter-spacing:-0.025em;line-height:1.2}#title-block-header.quarto-title-block .subtitle{display:block!important;margin-top:var(--spacing-sm);color:var(--badge-muted)!important;font-size:var(--font-size-lg)}#quarto-document-content .cell-code,#quarto-document-content .cell>details,#quarto-document-content [id^=ojs-cell] .observablehq--inspect{display:none!important}.iot-nav-icon,.iot-toc-nav-icon{display:inline-flex;flex:0 0 1rem;width:1rem;height:1rem;margin-right:var(--spacing-xs);color:var(--badge-subtle);vertical-align:-0.125em}.iot-nav-icon svg,.iot-toc-nav-icon svg{display:block;width:1rem;height:1rem;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.75;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}.badges-container{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;max-width:1500px;min-width:0;margin-inline:auto;padding:0}#quarto-document-content .callout,#quarto-document-content table,.badge-signin-panel,.badge-empty-state,.badge-notification{color:var(--badge-text);background:var(--badge-surface)!important;background-image:none!important;border:1px solid var(--badge-line)!important;border-radius:var(--badge-radius)!important;box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(33,36,44,0.06)!important}#quarto-document-content .callout{border-left:3px solid var(--callout-color, var(--badge-accent))!important;transform:none!important;transition:background-color var(--transition-fast),border-color var(--transition-fast)!important}#quarto-document-content .callout::before{display:none!important}#quarto-document-content table{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}.badge-signin-panel,.badge-empty-state{padding:var(--spacing-2xl) var(--spacing-lg);text-align:center}.badge-signin-icon,.badge-empty-state-icon{margin-bottom:var(--spacing-lg);color:var(--badge-subtle);font-size:3rem;line-height:1}.badge-inline-icon{display:inline-block;width:1.15em;height:1.15em;vertical-align:-0.18em}.badge-signin-title,.badge-empty-state-title{margin:0 0 var(--spacing-md);color:var(--badge-text);font-size:var(--font-size-2xl);font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold);line-height:var(--line-height-tight)}.badge-signin-copy,.badge-empty-state-copy{margin:0 0 var(--spacing-lg);color:var(--badge-muted)}.badge-signin-btn{min-height:2.75rem;padding:0.65rem 1rem;color:#fff;background:var(--badge-accent);border:1px solid var(--badge-accent);border-radius:var(--badge-radius-sm);font-size:var(--font-size-sm);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold);cursor:pointer}.badge-signin-btn:hover{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--badge-accent) 88%,black);border-color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--badge-accent) 88%,black)}.badge-signin-btn:focus-visible{outline:3px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--badge-accent) 28%,transparent);outline-offset:2px}.badge-tabs,.category-filter{display:flex;justify-content:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:var(--spacing-sm);margin-bottom:var(--spacing-xl)}.badge-tab,.filter-btn,.badge-action-btn{min-height:2.75rem;padding:0.65rem 1rem;color:var(--badge-text);background:var(--badge-surface);border:1px solid var(--badge-line-strong);border-radius:var(--badge-radius-sm);font-size:var(--font-size-sm);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold);line-height:1.2;cursor:pointer}.badge-tab:hover,.filter-btn:hover,.badge-action-btn:hover{color:var(--badge-text);background:var(--badge-surface-alt);border-color:var(--badge-text)}.badge-tab.active,.filter-btn.active{color:#fff;background:var(--badge-accent);border-color:var(--badge-accent)}.badge-tab:focus-visible,.filter-btn:focus-visible,.badge-action-btn:focus-visible{outline:3px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--badge-accent) 28%,transparent);outline-offset:2px}.badges-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(min(20rem,100%),1fr));gap:var(--spacing-lg);margin-bottom:var(--spacing-2xl)}.badge-card,.progress-section{color:var(--badge-text);background:var(--badge-surface);border:1px solid var(--badge-line);border-radius:var(--badge-radius);box-shadow:none}.badge-card{position:relative;padding:var(--spacing-lg);overflow:hidden;text-align:center}.badge-card--earned{border-left:3px solid var(--badge-rarity-color, var(--badge-line-strong))}.badge-card:hover{border-color:var(--badge-line-strong)}.badge-card.locked{opacity:0.68;filter:grayscale(70%)}.badge-card.earned::before{content:"✓";position:absolute;top:var(--spacing-md);right:var(--spacing-md);display:grid;width:2rem;height:2rem;color:#fff;background:var(--success);border-radius:var(--radius-full);font-size:var(--font-size-md);font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold);place-items:center}.badge-emoji{display:block;margin-bottom:var(--spacing-md);font-size:4.5rem;line-height:1}.badge-emoji>.badge-inline-icon,.badge-signin-icon>.badge-inline-icon{width:1em;height:1em}.badge-art-image{display:block;width:min(10rem,70%);height:auto;margin-inline:auto;border-radius:50%}.badge-notification-art{display:block;width:3.5rem;height:3.5rem;border-radius:50%}.badge-card-title{margin:0 0 var(--spacing-sm);color:var(--badge-text);font-size:var(--font-size-lg)}.badge-card-description{margin:0 0 var(--spacing-md);color:var(--badge-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-sm)}.badge-card-date{margin-bottom:var(--spacing-md);color:var(--badge-subtle);font-size:var(--font-size-xs)}.badge-card-rarity{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:var(--spacing-sm);padding:0.25rem 0.65rem;color:#102a43;background:var(--badge-rarity-color, var(--badge-subtle));border-radius:var(--radius-full);font-size:var(--font-size-xs);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold)}.badge-card-xp{margin-top:var(--spacing-sm);color:var(--badge-rarity-color, var(--badge-accent));font-size:var(--font-size-xs);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold)}.badge-card-status{margin-top:var(--spacing-sm);color:var(--badge-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-sm)}.badge-locked-emoji{opacity:0.35;filter:grayscale(100%)}.badge-name{margin:0 0 var(--spacing-sm);color:var(--badge-text);font-size:var(--font-size-xl);font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold)}.badge-category,.badge-rarity,.badge-xp-reward{display:inline-block;margin:0 var(--spacing-xs) var(--spacing-sm);padding:0.3rem 0.7rem;border-radius:var(--radius-full);font-size:var(--font-size-xs);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold)}.badge-category{color:#fff;text-transform:uppercase}.category-learning-path{background:var(--ieee-navy)}.category-engagement{background:var(--ieee-teal)}.category-milestone{background:var(--ieee-orange)}.rarity-common{color:#fff;background:var(--badge-subtle)}.rarity-uncommon{color:#fff;background:var(--success)}.rarity-rare{color:#fff;background:var(--info)}.rarity-legendary{color:var(--badge-text);background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--warning) 32%,white);border:1px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--warning) 55%,white)}.badge-xp-reward{color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--success) 64%,black);background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--success) 10%,white)}.badge-criteria{margin:0 0 var(--spacing-md);color:var(--badge-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-sm);line-height:1.6}.badge-earned-date{margin-bottom:var(--spacing-md);color:var(--badge-subtle);font-size:var(--font-size-xs)}.badge-actions{display:flex;justify-content:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:var(--spacing-sm)}.badge-render-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(min(17.5rem,100%),1fr));gap:var(--spacing-lg)}.badge-render-grid--available{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(min(15rem,100%),1fr))}.badge-notification{position:fixed;top:var(--spacing-lg);right:var(--spacing-lg);z-index:10000;width:min(20rem,calc(100vw - 2 * var(--spacing-lg)));padding:var(--spacing-lg);border-left:3px solid var(--badge-rarity-color, var(--badge-accent))!important;animation:slideIn 0.3s ease-out}.badge-notification-content{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:var(--spacing-md)}.badge-notification-icon{font-size:2.5rem}.badge-notification-kicker{color:var(--badge-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-xs);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold);text-transform:uppercase}.badge-notification-title{margin:var(--spacing-xs) 0;color:var(--badge-text);font-size:var(--font-size-lg);font-weight:var(--font-weight-semibold)}.badge-notification-xp{color:var(--badge-rarity-color, var(--badge-accent));font-size:var(--font-size-sm)}.btn-download{color:#fff;background:var(--badge-accent);border-color:var(--badge-accent)}.btn-share{color:#fff;background:#0969a2;border-color:#0969a2}.btn-json{color:#fff;background:var(--badge-subtle);border-color:var(--badge-subtle)}.progress-section{margin-bottom:var(--spacing-2xl);padding:var(--spacing-xl)}.progress-stats{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(12rem,1fr));gap:var(--spacing-lg);margin-bottom:var(--spacing-xl)}.progress-stat{padding:var(--spacing-md);text-align:center;background:var(--badge-surface-alt);border:1px solid var(--badge-line);border-radius:var(--badge-radius-sm)}.progress-stat-value{margin-bottom:var(--spacing-xs);color:var(--badge-accent);font-size:clamp(2rem,4vw,3rem);font-weight:var(--font-weight-bold);line-height:1.1}.progress-stat-label{color:var(--badge-muted);font-size:var(--font-size-sm)}@media(max-width:768px){#title-block-header.quarto-title-block{padding-bottom:var(--spacing-md)!important}.badges-grid,.progress-stats{grid-template-columns:1fr}.progress-section,.badge-card,.badge-signin-panel{padding:var(--spacing-md)}.badge-tab,.filter-btn{flex:1 1 9rem}#quarto-document-content table.iot-stack-table tr{margin:0;background:var(--badge-surface);border:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--badge-line);border-radius:0;box-shadow:none}#quarto-document-content table.iot-stack-table tr:last-child{border-bottom:0}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.badge-card,.badge-tab,.filter-btn,.badge-action-btn{transition:none}}:root{--iot-nudge-accent: var(--flat-accent, #1865f2);--iot-nudge-text: var(--flat-text, #21242c);--iot-nudge-muted: var(--flat-text-muted, #475774);--iot-nudge-surface: var(--flat-surface, #ffffff);--iot-nudge-surface-muted: var(--flat-surface-muted, #f7f8fa);--iot-nudge-control: var(--flat-control-bg, #f1f3f5);--iot-nudge-control-hover: var(--flat-control-hover, #e7ebf0);--iot-nudge-border: var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);--iot-nudge-border-strong: var(--flat-border-strong, #c7c9cc)}.iot-onboard-trigger{position:fixed;right:max(1.25rem,env(safe-area-inset-right));bottom:calc(max(1.25rem,env(safe-area-inset-bottom)) + var(--iot-onboard-footer-clearance, 0px));margin:0;z-index:1300;min-height:44px;padding:0.45rem 0.9rem;color:var(--iot-nudge-muted);background:var(--iot-nudge-surface);border:1px solid var(--iot-nudge-border);border-radius:var(--radius-full, 9999px);box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(15,23,42,0.12);font-family:var( --font-family-base, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif );font-size:0.8125rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1;cursor:pointer}.iot-onboard-trigger:hover{color:var(--iot-nudge-text);background:var(--iot-nudge-control-hover);border-color:var(--iot-nudge-border-strong)}.iot-onboard-trigger:focus-visible{outline:3px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--iot-nudge-accent) 32%,transparent);outline-offset:2px}.iot-onboard-trigger--occluded{opacity:0;pointer-events:none}@media(max-width:520px){.iot-onboard-trigger{right:calc(0.75rem + env(safe-area-inset-right));bottom:calc(4.75rem + env(safe-area-inset-bottom) + var(--iot-onboard-footer-clearance, 0px))}}.iot-chapter-hint,.iot-signin-nudge{position:fixed;right:max(1.25rem,env(safe-area-inset-right));bottom:max(1.25rem,env(safe-area-inset-bottom));z-index:1300;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:0.75rem;width:min(23rem,calc(100vw - 2.5rem));padding:0.9rem 1rem;color:var(--iot-nudge-text);background:var(--iot-nudge-surface);border:1px solid var(--iot-nudge-border);border-left:4px solid var(--iot-nudge-accent);border-radius:var(--radius-lg, 0.5rem);box-shadow:0 12px 32px rgba(15,23,42,0.14);font-family:var( --font-family-base, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif );font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.45}.iot-chapter-hint *,.iot-signin-nudge *{box-sizing:border-box}.iot-chapter-hint:focus-visible,.iot-signin-nudge:focus-visible{outline:0;box-shadow:0 12px 32px rgba(15,23,42,0.14),inset 0 0 0 2px color-mix(in srgb,var(--iot-nudge-accent) 25%,transparent)}@media(max-width:520px){.iot-chapter-hint,.iot-signin-nudge{right:0.75rem;bottom:0.75rem;left:0.75rem;width:auto}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){.iot-chapter-hint,.iot-signin-nudge{animation:iot-nudge-rise 0.18s ease-out}}@keyframes iot-nudge-rise{from{opacity:0;transform:translateY(0.5rem)}to{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}}@media(forced-colors:active){.iot-onboard-trigger,.iot-chapter-hint,.iot-signin-nudge{border-color:CanvasText}}.iot-chapter-hint__text{flex:1 1 auto;margin:0;color:var(--iot-nudge-text)}html[data-chapter-hint-pending=on] #iot-section-progress-hint-host[hidden]{display:block!important;visibility:hidden;box-sizing:border-box;min-height:70px}@media(max-width:575.98px){html[data-chapter-hint-pending=on] #iot-section-progress-hint-host[hidden]{min-height:90px}}.iot-chapter-hint__text a{color:var(--iot-nudge-accent);font-weight:600;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:0.16em}.iot-chapter-hint__text a:hover{color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--iot-nudge-accent) 88%,black)}.iot-chapter-hint__close{flex:0 0 auto;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;margin:-0.15rem -0.25rem 0 0;padding:0;color:var(--iot-nudge-muted);background:transparent;border:0;border-radius:var(--radius-md, 0.375rem);font-size:1.1rem;line-height:1;cursor:pointer}.iot-chapter-hint__close:hover{color:var(--iot-nudge-text);background:var(--iot-nudge-control)}.iot-chapter-hint__close:focus-visible{outline:3px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--iot-nudge-accent) 32%,transparent);outline-offset:1px}.iot-signin-nudge{position:static;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;gap:0.65rem;width:100%;max-width:48rem;margin:1rem auto;box-shadow:none}.iot-signin-nudge__text{margin:0;color:var(--iot-nudge-text)}.iot-signin-nudge__actions{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0.5rem}.iot-signin-nudge__signin,.iot-signin-nudge__dismiss{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-height:2.5rem;padding:0.55rem 0.9rem;border-radius:var(--radius-lg, 0.5rem);font:inherit;font-size:0.8125rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.2;cursor:pointer}.iot-signin-nudge__signin{color:#ffffff;background:var(--iot-nudge-accent);border:1px solid var(--iot-nudge-accent)}.iot-signin-nudge__signin:hover{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--iot-nudge-accent) 88%,black);border-color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--iot-nudge-accent) 88%,black)}.iot-signin-nudge__signin:disabled{color:var(--iot-nudge-muted);background:var(--iot-nudge-control);border-color:var(--iot-nudge-border);cursor:not-allowed;opacity:0.78}.iot-signin-nudge__dismiss{color:var(--iot-nudge-muted);background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--iot-nudge-border-strong)}.iot-signin-nudge__dismiss:hover{color:var(--iot-nudge-text);background:var(--iot-nudge-control-hover)}.iot-signin-nudge__signin:focus-visible,.iot-signin-nudge__dismiss:focus-visible{outline:3px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--iot-nudge-accent) 32%,transparent);outline-offset:2px}.module-bar-links{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.65rem;flex-shrink:0}.module-bar-link{color:inherit;opacity:0.82;font-size:0.8rem;line-height:1;white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:none;transition:opacity 0.2s}.module-bar-link:hover{opacity:1;color:inherit;text-decoration:underline}.module-bar-link[hidden]{display:none}@media(max-width:480px){.module-bar-link-how-it-works{display:none}}math{font-family:"STIX Two Math","Cambria Math","Latin Modern Math","Noto Sans Math",math,serif}math mi{text-transform:none;font-style:italic}math mi[mathvariant=normal]{font-style:normal}.module-bar-logo-link,.platform-navbar__brand,.landing-nav-logo{cursor:pointer}.module-bar-logo-link:focus-visible,.platform-navbar__brand:focus-visible,.landing-nav-logo:focus-visible,.landing-nav-login-btn:focus-visible,button.quarto-btn-toggle:focus-visible,.module-bar-sidebar-toggle:focus-visible,.module-bar-search:focus-visible,button[onclick*="Auth.login"]:focus-visible,button[onclick*=IoTClassAuth]:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--flat-focus-ring, #1865f2)!important;outline-offset:3px!important;box-shadow:0 0 0 2px #ffffff!important}#quarto-document-content h2.lab-step-heading{border-left:0;margin-top:1.859375rem;margin-bottom:0.903125rem;padding-left:0;color:var(--flat-text, #1f2933);font-size:1.434375rem!important;line-height:1.25!important}#quarto-document-content h2.lab-step-heading::before{content:none}.iotclass-freshness-chip{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:0.35rem 0.55rem;width:fit-content;max-width:100%;margin:-0.2rem 0 1.15rem;padding:0.42rem 0.7rem;color:#075d45;background:#eefaf5;border:1px solid #abdcca;border-radius:999px;font-size:0.78rem;line-height:1.25}.iotclass-freshness-chip>span{width:0.48rem;height:0.48rem;flex:0 0 auto;background:#087f5b;border-radius:50%}.iotclass-freshness-chip strong{color:inherit;font-weight:700}.iotclass-freshness-chip small{color:#3b6256;font-size:inherit}@media(max-width:575.98px){.iotclass-freshness-chip{border-radius:10px}.iotclass-freshness-chip small{flex-basis:calc(100% - 1.05rem);margin-left:1.05rem}}.iot-section-progress-control{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:.35rem;margin-inline-start:.65rem;vertical-align:.12em;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:650;line-height:1;white-space:nowrap}.iot-section-progress-heading{display:block;position:relative;min-block-size:2rem;padding-inline-end:2.75rem}section:has(>.iot-section-progress-heading~.iot-section-progress-control){position:relative}.iot-section-progress-heading~.iot-section-progress-control{position:absolute;inset-block-start:0;inset-inline-end:0;margin:0}.iot-section-progress-toggle{min-height:1.8rem;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:999px;background:transparent;color:var(--bs-body-color, #243746);padding:.35rem .62rem;font:inherit;line-height:1;cursor:pointer}.iot-section-progress-toggle{position:relative;display:inline-grid;place-items:center;flex:0 0 2.75rem;inline-size:2.75rem;block-size:2.75rem;min-inline-size:2.75rem;min-block-size:2.75rem;padding:0;white-space:nowrap}.iot-section-progress-toggle-icon{box-sizing:border-box;inline-size:1.75rem;block-size:1.75rem;display:block;padding:.32rem;border:1px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--bs-body-color, #243746) 24%,transparent);border-radius:999px;background:var(--bs-body-bg, #fff);pointer-events:none}.iot-section-progress-toggle::after{content:attr(data-tooltip);position:absolute;z-index:1080;inset-inline-start:50%;inset-block-end:calc(100% + .45rem);translate:-50% .2rem;max-inline-size:14rem;padding:.38rem .5rem;border-radius:.35rem;background:#243746;color:#fff;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;transition:opacity .12s ease,translate .12s ease}.iot-section-progress-toggle:hover::after,.iot-section-progress-toggle:focus-visible::after{opacity:1;translate:-50% 0}.iot-section-progress-toggle:hover,.iot-section-progress-toggle:focus-visible{border-color:transparent;outline:none}.iot-section-progress-toggle:hover .iot-section-progress-toggle-icon,.iot-section-progress-toggle:focus-visible .iot-section-progress-toggle-icon{border-color:#087f5b;box-shadow:0 0 0 2px color-mix(in srgb,#087f5b 34%,transparent)}.iot-section-progress-toggle[aria-pressed=true]{color:#075d45}.iot-section-progress-toggle[aria-pressed=true] .iot-section-progress-toggle-icon{border-color:#087f5b;background:#e7f7f0}.iot-section-progress-toggle[data-manual=true]{box-shadow:none}.iot-section-progress-toggle[data-manual=true] .iot-section-progress-toggle-icon{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px color-mix(in srgb,#087f5b 36%,transparent)}.iot-section-progress-icon{width:1rem;height:1rem;flex:0 0 1rem;margin-inline-end:.38rem;color:#667781;vertical-align:-.12em}.iot-section-progress-icon[data-state=partially-complete]{color:#b26a00}.iot-section-progress-icon[data-state=fully-complete]{color:#087f5b}.iot-section-progress-placeholder{display:block;width:1rem;height:1rem;flex:0 0 1rem;margin-inline-end:.38rem;visibility:hidden}#quarto-sidebar a.sidebar-link[data-iot-section-progress-shell]{display:flex;align-items:center}#quarto-sidebar a.sidebar-link[data-section-progress-unit]>.iot-section-progress-placeholder{display:none}#quarto-sidebar a.sidebar-link[data-section-progress-unit]{display:flex;align-items:center}#quarto-sidebar a.sidebar-link[data-section-progress-unit]>.iot-section-progress-icon{animation:iot-section-progress-reveal .16s ease-out both}@keyframes iot-section-progress-reveal{from{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}.iot-section-progress-legend{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.3rem .5rem;margin:.15rem 0 .6rem;padding:0 .4rem;color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--ds-ink-soft, var(--bs-body-color, #243746)) 88%,transparent);font-family:var(--ds-font, inherit);font-size:.68rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.01em;line-height:1.3}.iot-section-progress-legend-item{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.28rem;white-space:nowrap}.iot-section-progress-legend-item .iot-section-progress-icon{width:.78rem;height:.78rem;margin-inline-end:0;flex:0 0 .78rem}.iot-section-progress-legend-sep{opacity:.55}.iot-section-progress-hint{position:static;display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:.4rem;inline-size:min(100%,32rem);max-inline-size:100%;margin:0 0 1rem auto;padding:.55rem .6rem;border-radius:.5rem;background:#243746;color:#fff;font-size:.74rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.3;text-align:start;white-space:normal;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(15,23,33,.28)}.iot-section-progress-hint-text{flex:1 1 auto}.iot-section-progress-hint-dismiss{flex:0 0 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7rem;min-width:0;margin-left:0;overflow:hidden;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.25;overflow-wrap:anywhere;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2}.iot-lab-table-scroll{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;max-width:100%;min-width:0;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;overscroll-behavior-inline:contain;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;box-shadow:inset -10px 0 10px -12px rgba(23,32,51,0.55)}.iot-lab-table-scroll>table{min-width:max-content;margin-bottom:0}.iot-lab-capacity-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)!important}body.how-it-works .page-navigation .nav-page-text{display:block;overflow:visible;white-space:normal;text-overflow:clip;overflow-wrap:anywhere}}.site-footer .footer-column h3,.site-footer .footer-column h4{color:#f1f5f9!important}.iot-onboard-trigger{bottom:calc(max(1.25rem,env(safe-area-inset-bottom)) + var(--iot-onboard-footer-clearance, 0px))}@media(max-width:520px){.iot-onboard-trigger{bottom:calc(4.75rem + env(safe-area-inset-bottom) + 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0.85rem;color:var(--story-strip-ink);font-size:0.9rem;line-height:1.45;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.story-strip__number{display:inline-grid;width:1.45rem;height:1.45rem;margin-right:0.35rem;border-radius:999px;place-items:center;background:var(--pc-main, #425b70);color:#ffffff;font-size:0.75rem;font-weight:800;line-height:1;vertical-align:0.05rem}#quarto-document-content figure.story-strip>figcaption{margin-top:0.8rem;color:var(--story-strip-muted)!important;font-size:0.85rem;line-height:1.45;text-align:center}#quarto-document-content figure.story-strip>figcaption::before{color:var(--story-strip-muted)!important}.quarto-dark .story-strip,html[data-theme=dark] .story-strip{--story-strip-surface: #17212d;--story-strip-panel: #202d3b;--story-strip-border: #4b6074;--story-strip-ink: #f1f5f9;--story-strip-muted: 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.iot-figure-purpose-audit strong{display:block;font-size:.8rem}#admin-bar .iot-figure-purpose-weak{margin:.2rem 0 0;color:#8a4300;font-size:.8rem}.iot-figure-text-toggle,.iot-figure-text-version{display:none}html[data-feat-activities=on][data-feat-activities-media=on] .iot-figure-text-toggle{display:inline-block;min-height:44px;margin:.25rem 0 .6rem;padding:.45rem .75rem;border:1px solid #cbd5e1;border-radius:.5rem;background:#fff;color:var(--pc-fg, #243746);font:inherit;font-size:.9rem;cursor:pointer}html[data-feat-activities=on][data-feat-activities-media=on] .iot-figure-text-version:not([hidden]){display:block;margin:.25rem 0 .75rem;padding:.6rem .75rem;border-radius:.625rem;background:#eaf0f4;color:var(--pc-fg, #243746)}.iot-figure-text-toggle:focus-visible,.iot-analogy-limit-toggle:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #155eef;outline-offset:2px}.iot-analogy-option-a[hidden]{display:none!important}.iot-analogy-option-a{margin:.8rem 0;padding:.55rem 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.7rem;font-size:1.15rem}.iot-activity-panel-eyebrow{margin:0;color:#315d70;font-size:.73rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase}.iot-activity-panel-strip{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.45rem;margin-bottom:.8rem}.iot-activity-panel-strip span{padding:.3rem .6rem;border-radius:999px;background:#e0edf1;font-size:.8rem}.iot-activity-panel-choices{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.5rem;align-items:baseline}.iot-activity-panel-choices strong{width:100%}.iot-activity-panel-choices a{display:inline-block;max-width:100%;overflow-wrap:anywhere;padding:.4rem .65rem;border:1px solid #a8c5d1;border-radius:8px;background:white}.iot-activity-panel-lab-link{margin:.6rem 0 0}.iot-activity-panel-lab-link a{font-weight:650;text-underline-offset:.15em}.iot-activity-panel-lab-fallback,.iot-activity-panel-handoff{margin:.5rem 0 0;font-size:.9rem}.platform-header__signin:focus,.iotclass-auth-trigger:focus{outline:3px solid 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var(--math-bridge-action);border-radius:999px;box-sizing:border-box;background:var(--math-bridge-action);color:#fff;font-size:.9rem;font-weight:800;line-height:1.25;text-align:center;box-shadow:none}.math-bridge-banner__action::after{margin-left:.4rem;content:"→"}.math-bridge-banner:hover{color:#21242c;border-color:#b9bfc7;box-shadow:none;transform:none}.math-bridge-banner:hover .math-bridge-banner__action{background:#4a2f75;border-color:#4a2f75}.math-bridge-banner:hover::after{display:none}.math-bridge-banner:focus-visible{outline:3px solid rgba(24,101,242,.28);outline-offset:3px}@media(max-width:640px){.math-bridge-banner{grid-template-columns:48px minmax(0,1fr);gap:.75rem;padding:.85rem;border-left-width:5px}#quarto-document-content .math-bridge-banner__character{width:48px;height:48px}.math-bridge-banner__action{grid-column:1/-1;width:100%}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.math-bridge-banner{background:linear-gradient(118deg,#20252c 0%,#1b2026 100%);border-color:#3a4149;color:#e6eaee}#quarto-document-content .math-bridge-banner__copy strong{color:#f3f5f7}.math-bridge-banner__copy span:last-child{color:#c9d1d9}.math-bridge-banner__eyebrow{color:#c4b0ff}.math-bridge-banner__action{background:#8b6cd6;border-color:#8b6cd6;color:#17131f}.math-bridge-banner:hover .math-bridge-banner__action{background:#9d82e0;border-color:#9d82e0}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.math-bridge-banner{transition:none}}[data-feature-visibility-owner=classroom]:not([data-classroom-owner=verified]){display:none}.iot-learner-feedback{--lf-accent: var(--pc-main, var(--ds-accent, #087f5b));--lf-ink: var(--ds-ink, var(--bs-body-color, #243746));--lf-muted: var(--ds-ink-soft, #52606d);--lf-line: var(--ds-line, #e6e8eb);--lf-surface: var(--ds-surface, var(--bs-body-bg, #fff));--lf-surface-alt: var(--ds-surface-alt, #f7f9fb);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--lf-muted);font:500 .84rem/1.45 var(--ds-font, var(--font-family-base, system-ui, sans-serif))}.iot-learner-feedback *,.iot-learner-feedback *::before,.iot-learner-feedback *::after{box-sizing:border-box}.iot-learner-feedback--unit{margin:clamp(2.6rem,7vw,5rem) 0 1.5rem;padding:1rem 1.05rem;border:1px solid var(--lf-line);border-left:4px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--lf-accent) 72%,var(--lf-line));border-radius:var(--ds-radius-sm, 8px);background:var(--lf-surface-alt)}.iot-learner-feedback--interactive{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);width:100%;margin:.35rem 0 1.35rem;padding:.68rem .75rem;border:1px solid var(--lf-line);border-left:3px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--lf-accent) 62%,var(--lf-line));border-radius:var(--ds-radius-sm, 8px);background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--lf-surface-alt) 72%,var(--lf-surface))}.iot-lf-question,.iot-lf-thumbs,.iot-lf-thanks,.iot-lf-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.45rem}.iot-lf-question{justify-content:space-between;gap:.7rem 1rem}.iot-lf-copy{display:grid;gap:.08rem;min-width:min(100%,12rem)}.iot-lf-context{color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--lf-muted) 82%,transparent);font-size:.68rem;font-weight:750;letter-spacing:.075em;line-height:1.25;text-transform:uppercase}.iot-lf-prompt{color:var(--lf-ink);font-size:.88rem;font-weight:680}.iot-lf-thumb{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:.42rem;min-height:2.75rem;padding:.5rem .72rem;color:var(--lf-muted);background:var(--lf-surface);border:1px solid var(--lf-line);border-radius:var(--ds-radius-sm, 8px);font:inherit;font-weight:650;line-height:1;cursor:pointer}.iot-lf-thumb i{font-size:.98rem;line-height:1}.iot-learner-feedback--interactive .iot-lf-question{gap:.55rem .8rem}.iot-learner-feedback--interactive .iot-lf-copy{min-width:min(100%,10rem)}.iot-learner-feedback--interactive .iot-lf-context{font-size:.62rem}.iot-learner-feedback--interactive .iot-lf-prompt{font-size:.82rem}.iot-learner-feedback--interactive .iot-lf-thumb{min-height:2.75rem;padding:.38rem .58rem;font-size:.8rem}.iot-learner-feedback--interactive .iot-lf-thumb i{font-size:.9rem}.iot-lf-thumb:hover,.iot-lf-thumb:focus-visible,.iot-lf-thumb[aria-pressed=true]{color:var(--lf-accent);border-color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--lf-accent) 50%,var(--lf-line));background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--lf-accent) 7%,var(--lf-surface))}.iot-lf-thumb:focus-visible,.iot-lf-chip:focus-visible,.iot-lf-send:focus-visible,.iot-lf-change:focus-visible,.iot-lf-review-action:focus-visible,.iot-lf-review-note:focus-visible{outline:2px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--lf-accent) 42%,transparent);outline-offset:2px}.iot-lf-panel{margin-top:.9rem;padding-top:.85rem;border-top:1px solid var(--lf-line)}.iot-lf-chip-label{margin:0 0 .4rem;color:var(--lf-muted);font-size:.76rem}.iot-lf-chips{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.38rem}.iot-lf-chip{min-height:1.8rem;padding:.3rem .62rem;color:var(--lf-muted);background:var(--bs-body-bg, #fff);border:1px solid var(--lf-line);border-radius:999px;font:inherit;cursor:pointer}.iot-lf-chip[aria-pressed=true]{color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--lf-accent) 82%,black);border-color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--lf-accent) 50%,var(--lf-line));background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--lf-accent) 9%,white)}.iot-lf-comment-label{display:block;margin:.75rem 0 .3rem;color:var(--lf-muted);font-size:.76rem}.iot-lf-comment{display:block;width:min(100%,38rem);min-height:4.4rem;padding:.6rem .7rem;resize:vertical;color:var(--lf-ink);background:var(--bs-body-bg, #fff);border:1px solid var(--lf-line);border-radius:.45rem;font:inherit}.iot-lf-actions{margin-top:.55rem}.iot-lf-send,.iot-lf-change{min-height:2rem;padding:.38rem .75rem;color:#fff;background:var(--lf-accent);border:1px solid var(--lf-accent);border-radius:.4rem;font:inherit;font-weight:650;cursor:pointer}.iot-lf-change{min-height:auto;padding:.15rem .25rem;color:var(--lf-accent);background:transparent;border-color:transparent}.iot-lf-send:disabled{cursor:wait;opacity:.65}.iot-lf-status{min-height:1.1rem;color:var(--lf-muted)}.iot-lf-status[data-error=true]{color:var(--danger, #b42318)}.iot-lf-signin{width:fit-content;margin-top:.6rem;padding:.28rem 0 .28rem .65rem;color:var(--lf-muted);background:transparent;border-left:2px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--lf-accent) 52%,var(--lf-line))}.iot-lf-thanks{color:var(--lf-muted)}.iot-lf-thanks .iot-lf-thumb{min-height:2.25rem;padding:.4rem .6rem}.iot-lf-reviewer{--lf-rev-accent: #3a6ea5;margin:1.4rem 0 1.5rem;background:var(--lf-surface);border:1px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--lf-rev-accent) 42%,var(--lf-line));border-radius:var(--ds-radius-sm, 8px);overflow:hidden}.iot-lf-reviewer-head{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.48rem;padding:.55rem .75rem;color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--lf-rev-accent) 92%,black);background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--lf-rev-accent) 13%,var(--lf-surface));border-bottom:1px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--lf-rev-accent) 32%,var(--lf-line))}.iot-lf-reviewer-icon{flex:0 0 auto;width:1.05rem;height:1.05rem}.iot-lf-reviewer-title{font-size:.72rem;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase}.iot-lf-reviewer-body{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(10rem,1fr) auto;align-items:center;gap:.5rem .55rem;padding:.7rem .75rem .75rem}.iot-lf-review-note{min-width:0;min-height:2rem;padding:.38rem .55rem;color:var(--lf-ink);font:inherit}#quarto-document-content .iot-lf-review-note{background:var(--bs-body-bg, #fff)!important;border:1px solid var(--lf-line)!important;border-radius:.38rem!important;box-shadow:none!important}.iot-lf-review-actions{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.35rem}.iot-lf-review-action{min-height:2rem;padding:.35rem .58rem;color:var(--lf-muted);background:var(--bs-body-bg, #fff);border:1px solid var(--lf-line);border-radius:.38rem;font:inherit;font-weight:650;cursor:pointer}.iot-lf-review-action[data-verdict=confirmed]{color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--lf-accent) 85%,black)}.iot-lf-review-action[data-verdict=needs_work]{color:#9d3128}.iot-lf-review-action:disabled{cursor:wait;opacity:.6}.iot-lf-review-status{grid-column:1 / -1;min-height:1rem;color:var(--lf-muted);font-size:.72rem}.iot-lf-review-status[data-error=true]{color:var(--danger, #b42318)}.iot-learner-feedback[data-state=idle] .iot-lf-panel,.iot-learner-feedback[data-state=idle] .iot-lf-thanks,.iot-learner-feedback[data-state=expanded] .iot-lf-thanks,.iot-learner-feedback[data-state=submitted] .iot-lf-question,.iot-learner-feedback[data-state=submitted] .iot-lf-panel{display:none}.iot-learner-feedback[data-state=submitted] .iot-lf-thanks{display:flex}.iot-learner-feedback--interactive>.iot-lf-question,.iot-learner-feedback--interactive>.iot-lf-thanks{grid-area:1 / 1}.iot-learner-feedback--interactive>.iot-lf-signin,.iot-learner-feedback--interactive>.iot-lf-panel{grid-column:1}.iot-learner-feedback--interactive[data-state=idle]>.iot-lf-thanks,.iot-learner-feedback--interactive[data-state=expanded]>.iot-lf-thanks,.iot-learner-feedback--interactive[data-state=submitted]>.iot-lf-question{display:flex;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none}@media(max-width:575.98px){.iot-learner-feedback--unit{margin-top:2.6rem}.iot-lf-question{align-items:flex-start}.iot-learner-feedback--unit .iot-lf-thumbs{width:100%}.iot-learner-feedback--unit .iot-lf-thumb{flex:1 1 8rem}.iot-learner-feedback--interactive .iot-lf-thumbs{flex:0 0 auto}.iot-learner-feedback--interactive .iot-lf-thumb{flex:0 0 auto}.iot-lf-panel{padding-top:.1rem}.iot-lf-comment{min-height:5.2rem}.iot-lf-reviewer-body{grid-template-columns:1fr}.iot-lf-review-status{grid-column:1}.iot-lf-review-action{flex:1}}.content-review-flag{margin-left:.4rem;padding:.2rem .55rem;border:1px solid #c0392b;border-radius:.35rem;background:#fff;color:#a93226;cursor:pointer;font:600 .72rem/1.25 system-ui,sans-serif;vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap}.content-review-flag:hover,.content-review-flag:focus-visible{background:#fbeee6;outline:2px solid transparent}.content-review-flag:disabled{cursor:wait;opacity:.65}.assessment-portfolio{border:1px solid #777;border-radius:8px;padding:16px;margin:24px 0;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.assessment-portfolio input,.assessment-portfolio textarea{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;max-width:42rem;font:inherit}.assessment-portfolio button{font:inherit;margin:4px;padding:8px}.assessment-portfolio li{margin-block:16px}.assessment-portfolio .portfolio-evidence{white-space:pre-wrap}.ojs-island{margin:1rem 0}.ojs-island__cell{margin:0 0 .5rem}form.oi-island{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:flex-start;gap:.5rem .75rem;margin:.5rem 0;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}form.oi-island>label{flex:1 1 clamp(10rem,20vw,15rem);margin:0;line-height:1.35;font-weight:600}form.oi-island>.oi-island-input{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.6rem;flex:1 1 12rem;min-width:min(12rem,100%);max-width:100%}form.oi-island input[type=number],form.oi-island input[type=text],form.oi-island select{min-height:2.25rem;padding:.35rem .5rem}form.oi-island input[type=number],form.oi-island input[type=text]{flex:0 0 min(10rem,45%)}form.oi-island input[type=range],form.oi-island select{flex:1 1 auto;width:100%;max-width:100%}form.oi-island>div>label{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.25rem;margin-right:1rem}.ojs-inputs__description{flex:1 1 100%;font-size:.8rem;opacity:.75}.ojs-island__error{color:#b00020;font-size:.85rem;margin:.25rem 0}.ojs-island__cell--unhandled{border:1px dashed #c9ccd1;border-radius:6px;padding:.75rem 1rem;background:#fafbfc}.ojs-island__unhandled-label{margin:0 0 .25rem;font-size:.9rem}.ojs-island__unhandled-reason{margin:0 0 .5rem;font-size:.8rem;opacity:.8}.ojs-island__unhandled-source pre{overflow-x:auto;font-size:.75rem}.iotclass-account-state-notice{max-width:72rem;margin:1rem auto;padding:.8rem 1rem;color:#4b5563;background:#f8fafc;border:1px solid #d8dee7;border-left:4px solid #b7791f;border-radius:.5rem;font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.5}.iotclass-account-state-notice--suspended{border-left-color:#a52a2a}.iotclass-account-state-notice strong{color:#25313c}.iotclass-account-state-notice a{font-weight:600}#iotclass-onboarding{--onboard-accent: var(--flat-accent, #1865f2);--onboard-text: var(--flat-text, #21242c);--onboard-muted: var(--flat-text-muted, #475774);--onboard-subtle: var(--flat-text-subtle, #646b7a);--onboard-surface: var(--flat-surface, #ffffff);--onboard-surface-muted: var(--flat-surface-muted, #f7f8fa);--onboard-control: var(--flat-control-bg, #f1f3f5);--onboard-control-hover: var(--flat-control-hover, #e7ebf0);--onboard-border: var(--flat-border, #dbdcdd);--onboard-border-strong: var(--flat-border-strong, #c7c9cc);position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;width:min(100%,72rem);max-height:none;min-height:0!important;margin:0.4rem auto;padding:0!important;overflow:visible;color:var(--onboard-text);background:var(--onboard-surface);border:1px solid var(--onboard-border);border-left:4px solid var(--onboard-accent);border-radius:var(--radius-xl, 0.75rem);box-shadow:0 12px 32px rgba(15,23,42,0.14);font-family:var( --font-family-base, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif );font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5;overscroll-behavior:contain}body.iot-onboard-modal-open{overflow:hidden!important}#iotclass-onboarding,#iotclass-onboarding *{box-sizing:border-box}#iotclass-onboarding:focus-visible{outline:0;box-shadow:0 12px 32px rgba(15,23,42,0.14),inset 0 0 0 2px color-mix(in srgb,var(--onboard-accent) 25%,transparent)}.iot-onboard__header{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;padding:1rem 1.25rem 0}.iot-onboard__compact{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:0.6rem;min-height:0;padding:0.4rem 0.65rem}.iot-onboard__compact-copy{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0}#iotclass-onboarding .iot-onboard__compact .iot-onboard__title{margin:0!important;padding:0!important;white-space:nowrap;font-size:0.9rem!important;line-height:1.15!important}#iotclass-onboarding .iot-onboard__compact .iot-onboard__description{max-width:none;margin:0.15rem 0 0!important;font-size:0.7rem!important;line-height:1.2!important}.iot-onboard__compact .iot-onboard__button{flex:0 0 auto;min-height:2.35rem;padding:0.45rem 0.7rem;font-size:0.78rem}.iot-onboard__compact .iot-onboard__dismiss{flex:0 0 auto;width:2rem;min-height:2rem;padding:0;font-size:1.1rem;text-decoration:none}#iotclass-onboarding[data-returning-toast=true]{position:fixed;right:max(16px,env(safe-area-inset-right));bottom:max(16px,env(safe-area-inset-bottom));left:auto;z-index:1200;width:min(360px,calc(100vw - 32px));max-width:360px;max-height:120px;margin:0;overflow:visible;animation:iot-onboard-toast-enter 240ms ease-out}@keyframes iot-onboard-toast-enter{from{opacity:0;transform:translateY(0.75rem)}to{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}}.iot-onboard__modal-layer{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:1400;display:grid;place-items:center;width:100vw;height:100dvh;padding:max(1rem,env(safe-area-inset-top)) max(1rem,env(safe-area-inset-right)) max(1rem,env(safe-area-inset-bottom)) max(1rem,env(safe-area-inset-left));background:rgba(15,23,42,0.58)}.iot-onboard__modal{width:min(48rem,100%);max-height:calc(100dvh - 2rem);overflow:auto;color:var(--onboard-text);background:var(--onboard-surface);border:1px solid var(--onboard-border);border-left:4px solid var(--onboard-accent);border-radius:var(--radius-xl, 0.75rem);box-shadow:0 24px 64px rgba(15,23,42,0.32);overscroll-behavior:contain}.iot-onboard__modal .iot-onboard__header{padding-top:0.75rem}.iot-onboard__modal-close{width:2.5rem;min-height:2.5rem;padding:0;font-size:1.35rem;text-decoration:none}.iot-onboard__brand{color:var(--onboard-accent);font-size:0.75rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0.08em;line-height:1.2;text-transform:uppercase}.iot-onboard__dismiss{min-height:2.75rem;padding:0.4rem 0;color:var(--onboard-muted);background:transparent;border:0;border-radius:var(--radius-md, 0.375rem);font:inherit;font-size:0.8125rem;font-weight:600;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:0.16em;cursor:pointer}.iot-onboard__dismiss:hover{color:var(--onboard-text)}.iot-onboard__body{padding:0.5rem 1.25rem 1.25rem}.iot-onboard__steps{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:0.4rem;margin:0 0 1rem;padding:0;list-style:none}.iot-onboard__step{height:0.25rem;overflow:hidden;background:var(--onboard-control);border-radius:var(--radius-full, 9999px);color:transparent;font-size:0}.iot-onboard__step[aria-current=step],.iot-onboard__step[data-complete=true]{background:var(--onboard-accent)}#iotclass-onboarding .iot-onboard__title{margin:0!important;padding:0!important;color:var(--onboard-text);border:0!important;font:inherit;font-size:1.45rem!important;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-0.025em;line-height:1.2!important}#iotclass-onboarding .iot-onboard__title:focus{outline:0}#iotclass-onboarding .iot-onboard__title::before,#iotclass-onboarding .iot-onboard__title::after{display:none}#iotclass-onboarding .iot-onboard__description{max-width:none;margin:0.5rem 0 1rem!important;color:var(--onboard-muted);font-size:0.9375rem!important;line-height:1.5!important}.iot-onboard__choices{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:0.625rem;margin:0;padding:0;border:0}.iot-onboard__choice{min-width:0;min-height:5.25rem;padding:0.8rem;color:var(--onboard-text);background:var(--onboard-surface);border:1px solid var(--onboard-border);border-radius:var(--radius-lg, 0.5rem);font:inherit;text-align:left;cursor:pointer}.iot-onboard__choice:hover{background:var(--onboard-surface-muted);border-color:var(--onboard-border-strong)}.iot-onboard__choice[aria-pressed=true]{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--onboard-accent) 7%,white);border-color:var(--onboard-accent);box-shadow:inset 3px 0 0 var(--onboard-accent)}.iot-onboard__choice strong,.iot-onboard__choice small{display:block}.iot-onboard__choice strong{color:inherit;font-size:0.9rem;line-height:1.3}.iot-onboard__choice small{margin-top:0.3rem;color:var(--onboard-muted);font-size:0.78rem;line-height:1.4}.iot-onboard__progress-note{margin:0 0 1rem;padding:1rem;color:var(--onboard-text);background:var(--onboard-surface-muted);border:1px solid var(--onboard-border);border-radius:var(--radius-lg, 0.5rem);font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.5}.iot-onboard__progress-note strong{color:var(--onboard-accent)}.iot-onboard__progress-note a{color:var(--onboard-accent);font-weight:600;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:0.16em}.iot-onboard__progress-note a:hover{color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--onboard-accent) 88%,black)}.iot-onboard__signin-note{margin:0 0 1rem;color:var(--onboard-muted);font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.45}.iot-onboard__actions{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0.625rem;margin-top:1rem}.iot-onboard__button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-height:2.75rem;padding:0.65rem 1rem;color:var(--onboard-text);background:var(--onboard-surface);border:1px solid var(--onboard-border-strong);border-radius:var(--radius-lg, 0.5rem);font:inherit;font-size:0.875rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer}.iot-onboard__button:hover{color:var(--onboard-text);background:var(--onboard-control-hover);text-decoration:none}.iot-onboard__button--primary{color:#ffffff;background:var(--onboard-accent);border-color:var(--onboard-accent)}.iot-onboard__button--primary:hover{color:#ffffff;background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--onboard-accent) 88%,black);border-color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--onboard-accent) 88%,black)}.iot-onboard__button:disabled{color:var(--onboard-subtle);background:var(--onboard-control);border-color:var(--onboard-border);cursor:not-allowed;opacity:0.78}.iot-onboard__button:focus-visible,.iot-onboard__choice:focus-visible,.iot-onboard__dismiss:focus-visible{outline:3px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--onboard-accent) 32%,transparent);outline-offset:2px}.iot-onboard__status{min-height:1.25rem;margin:0.625rem 0 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